教育心理学 Chapter 9 9194.ppt

* Chapter 9 The Learning Context 白梦璇2010201020082 9.1 Why study learning environments? We cannot judge the intellectual quality of any behavioral act outside of the context in which it occurs. — Robert Sternberg Learning never takes place in a vacuum. It always occurs within a particular context. 2. The importance of the appropriate environmental conditions for learning to take place cannot be underestimated. 9.1 Why study learning environments? At the broadest level, national and cultural differences have a profound influence upon the development of a language and the way in which it is used. At another level, a country’s educational system will affect the learning environment. 9.1 Why study learning environments? An understanding of the ways in which aspects of the environment affect learning is particularly important for language teachers and learners. ● ● 3. At the school level, the ethos that exists within a school will affect the type of learning that goes on in that school. At an even more basic level, the immediate physical environment of the classroom and the nature of the personal interactions will have a profound influence upon whether, what and how any individual learns a language. 9.1 Why study learning environments? An understanding of the ways in which aspects of the environment affect learning is particularly important for language teachers and learners. 3. ● ● 1. The ecological perspectives (Uri Bronfenbrenner) To understand properly any person’s development, we need to take into account their ecology: Microsystem contains the developing child’s more important relationships with parents, teachers, siblings and peers. Mesosystem contains a broader range of interactions of significant people in the developing child’s life. E.g. home-school relationships. 9.2 Ecological perspectives ● ● Ecosystem involves the interactions of oth