Chapter Two词汇学 Sources of English Vocabulary教程教案.ppt

Chapter 2 The sources of the English Vocabulary ;The Indo-European is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the near East, and India. ;Indo-European Language; Armenian Albanian; Balto-Slavic;Indo-Iranian;Armenian Albanian;;Celtic;Italic;Norwegian Icelandic Danish Swedish;Hellenic;A Historical Overview of the English Vocabulary;English can be roughly divided into: Old English Middle English Modern English;Old English (450---1150) Middle English ( 1150---1500) Modern English (1500---Now);After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called angles, Saxons, and Jutes came. Soon they took permanent control of the land, which was to be called England. Their language, historically known as Anglo-Saxon, dominated and almost totally blotted out the Celtic. ;Celtic made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary with such words as crag and bin and some place names like Avon, Kent, London, Themes. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as old English. ;Two events in the Old English Period:;In the 9th century: the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. They came first to plunder, then to conquer. Finally they succeeded in placing a Danish king on the throne of England. With the invaders, many scandinavian words came into English.;These new words did not identify new ideas and objects. They were everyday words for which the English had terms and expressions. Many words were exactly alike, such as father, husband, house, life, man,mother, summer and winter.Other words were so much alike that they were used interchangeably.;It is estimated that at least 900 words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English, such as skirt, skill, window, leg, grasp, birth, they ,their, them and egg.;Old English has a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. It was a highly inflected language just like modern German. Therefore, nouns, pronouns, adjective