如何打破女性职业发展所面临的问题.ppt

如何打破“玻璃天花板:美国女性、少数民族经理人员的经验及其对跨国公司在华子公司经理人员的启示BREAKING THE GLASS CEILING:EXPERIENCES OF US WOMEN AND MINORITY MANAGERS AND IMPLICATIONS OF CHINESE WORKING IN FOREIGN-BASED MULTINATIONALS Rosalie L. Tung博士 加拿大Simon Fraser大学Ming 和Stella Wong 特聘国际商务讲席教授 Ming Stella Wong Chaired Professor, Simon Fraser University of Canada 加拿大皇家学会院士 Fellow of Royal Society of Canada 国际管理学会现任副会长、当选会长 Vice President President-elect, Academy of Management January 17, 2001 玻璃天花板和砖墙GLASS CEILING Vs. BRICK WALL 玻璃天花板: 美国的女性和少数民族在组织层级提升中经常遇到的无形障碍 Glass Ceiling: Barriers commonly encountered by women and ethnic minorities in U.S. in career advancement up the organizational hierarchy 在美国和加拿大，更加适用于女性面临的困境 In U.S. and Canada, pertain more to women’s plight 尽管女性构成了半数美国生产劳动力，她们在高级管理层和专门职业（比如医师，律师等）中所占的比例仍不高。 While women make up half of the productive workforce in the U.S., still under-presented at senior managerial and professional ranks 这些问题通常是可以克服的 Typically surmountable 在加拿大，从1989到1996年，女性获得了700,000 新涌现的管理层和专门职业职位中的2/3。这样，到1996年48%管理层职位和52%的专门职业由女性占领。 In Canada, 2/3 of 700,000 new managerial and professional jobs between 1989-1996 were filled by women, resulting in 48% of all managerial jobs and 52% of all professional jobs being occupied by women by 1996 玻璃天花板GLASS CEILING (continued) 然而，《财富》杂志评选的500强企业中只有2.4%的总裁是女性 。 (Catalyst) Carly Fiorina担任CEO的惠普公司是500强公司中由女性领导的最大的一家。 However, only 2.4% of chairpersons and CEOs of Fortune 500 companies are women. Carly Fiorina of Hewlett Packard is largest Fortune 500 to be led by a female 500强企业中11.2% 的经理主管职位由女性担任。（《时代》） 11.2% of executive positions in Fortune 500 companies occupied by women (Time) 高科技企业中7%的经理主管职位由女性担任。 7% of executive positions in high-tech firms occupied by women “梯队”论点 Pipeline argument 1995至1998年间，攻读加拿大大学的商学博士学位的有33.2 – 37% 为女性。 Between 1995-1998, women comprise 33.2 – 37% of doctoral candidates in business programs at Canadian universities 目前，北美半数的MBA学生为女生。 Women now make up half of MBA