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虚拟语气四大方面
虚拟语气四大方面 * * 一、绝对虚拟语气:绝对虚拟语气主要用来表示一种祝愿、愿望或诅咒等等。绝对虚拟语气常见于以下几种句式: 1)祈使句 Long live world peace!世界和平万岁! God bless you.愿上帝保佑你。 All the best wishes to you.祝你万事如意! 2)may引导的独立句 May you succeed.祝你成功。 May the friendship between our two peoples be everlasting.祝两国人民的友谊万古长青。 3)If only引导的感叹句 If only I could see him once!要是我能见他一次就好了! If only I were ten years younger!但愿我能年轻十岁! 二、情态动词表虚拟的句子:一些情态动词如should,could,would, might, may, ought to等加上动词原形或动词的完成时态,表示惊奇、怀疑、担心、不满、后悔、惭愧等,在口语中,使语气更加客气委婉。如: I never expected that the problem should be so complicated.(惊奇)我从来没想到问题会这样复杂。 You should have come a bit earlier.(不满、责备)你应该早一点来的。 It would be a shame to stop the work halfway.(委婉陈述)半途而废就太遗憾了。 三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气:虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用主要有以下几种: 1)wish后的宾语从句:在这类从句中,谓语动词用陈述语气中相应的过去时态或过去将来时态的形式。如: I wish I were(was)as clever as you.我希望和你一样聪明。 How I wish I hadnt said that to him.多么希望我没跟他说那事。 I wish he would come to our help at that time.希望到时候他能来帮我们。 2)would rather,had rather,prefer后的宾语从句:在这类从句中,谓语动词和虚拟条件从句相同。如: I would(had)rather they came tomorrow.我宁愿他们明天来。 We prefer that the plan should be fully discussed before being put into execution.我们宁愿在计划实施前加以充分讨论。 3)与建议(suggest,advise)、命令(order,command)、要求(request,demand)、主张(insist,propose)等含义有关的名词性从句,在这类从句中,谓语动词用(should +)动词原形。如: Mr. Brown suggested that the meeting(should)be postponed.(宾语从句) It was suggested that the meeting(should)be postponed。(主语从句) Mr. Brown‘s suggestion was that the meeting(should) be postponed.(表语从句) Most of us agreed to Mr. Brown’s suggestion that the meeting(should)be postponed.(同位语从句) 注意:当以上词汇表其它含义时,不用虚拟语气。如: His look suggested that he was very satisfied.他的表情表明他很满意。 The little boy insisted that he hadn‘t stolen the money.小男孩坚持自己没偷钱。 4)It is a pity,It is a shame,It is incredible,It is strange,It is no wonder,It is necessary等结构后,谓语动词用(should +)动词原形。如: It is a great pity that he should be so conceited.真遗憾他竟会这样自高自大。 It seems incredible that he should have finished the work so soon
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