专业四级考试语法-虚拟语气.doc

Subjunctive Mood 1. 语气Mood 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对一事物和人的态度和看法。包括陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气三种。 陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 ①There?are?two?sides?to?every?question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were?you?busy?all?day?yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How?good?a?teacher?she?is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ 祈使语气祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。 Never?be?late?again!再也不要迟到了。 Don’t?forget?to?turn?off?the?light.别忘了关灯。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。①If?I?were?a?bird,?I?could?fly?in?the?air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I?wish?I?could?pass?the?examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May?you?succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达未能成为事实或者不可能成为事实的情况，或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。此外还可用来表示命令、建议、设想、祝愿（或诅咒）等等，以及表达说话人的主观愿望。 时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 ? 将来 动词过去式(be用were) should + 动词原形 were to + 动词原形 ? would / should / might / could + 动词原形 现在 动词过去式(be 用 were) would / should / might / could + 动词原形 过去 had +动词过去分词 would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词 情态动词+ have done could have done 本来可以- - - might have done 本来可能 - - - should / ought to have done 本来应该做 - - - shouldn’t / ought not to have done 本不该做 - - 你本不应该告诉她真相。 You shouldn’t have told her the truth . needn’t have done 本不必做 - - - 比较：didn’t need to do 没必要做也没有做 - - - 我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了 I didn’t need to clean the windows . My brother did it. would have done 本来会去做---- (1)与现在事实相反 If the earth had no gravity, the moon would fly to the sun. 如果地球没有引力，月球就会飞向太阳。 If I were/was you I would reconsider their proposal. 我要是你，我就会重新考虑他们的建议。 If it weren’t/wasn’t raining, we wouldn’t stay indoor. 要是现在不下雨，我们就不会呆在屋里。 If the manager were/was here, he might make a decision. 要是经理在这儿，他也许会作出决定。 (2)与过去事实相反 If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。 If she hadn’t taken your advice, she would have made a bad mistake. 她要不是听了你的劝告，就要犯大错误了。 She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy. 要不是太忙，她就来了。 (3)与将来事实相反，或将来不太可能发生，或说话人主观上不希望发生 If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来作这件事，我会用另一种做法。 If the rocket should fall in a few seconds, it would certainly explode. 如果火箭几秒钟内竟然向下坠落，那就一定会爆炸。 If he should fail, w