医学英语否定,被动语态和定语从句的翻译教程文件.ppt

（2）转译为状语从句 例一：The blood flow may be increased by more rapid and vigorous heart action, which accelerates the movement of heart to the skin. (which引导的定语从句转译为结果状语从句)血流可因更快和更有力的心脏活动而增加，这就使热量加速移到皮肤。 例二：The disease, which may occur at any age, is more frequent in early adult life. (which引导的定语从句转译为让步状语人句) 此病虽可发生于任何年龄，但在青壮年中最 为常见。 （3）转译为同位语，经常用“即”引出。 例一：The dosage should be decreased gradually to the minimal effective level which may be as low as 100 mg daily. 剂量应逐渐减少到最低有效水平，即日剂量低至100mg。 例二：As a few hours more go by, the pain tends to localize in the right lower part of the abdomen, which is the region of appendix. 几小时后，疼痛局限于右下腹，即阑尾区。 （4）使用适当的标点符号、破折号等来处理定语从句。 例一：When in doubt, which is not infrequent, one will establish the diagnosis by laparotomy. 如有怀疑（这种情况也是常见的，）可通过剖腹术确定诊断。 例二：A microscopic examination of the urine determines the presence of nephritis, which is the most common kidney disease. 尿的显微镜检查可确定是否患肾炎——一种 最常见的肾病。 Thank you! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Speaker:Wu Liping M8450111024 6.2 部分否定 英语中all, both, every, many, much, always, often等词与not搭配使用时，表示部分否定。通常译作“不都是”、“不全是”、“不多”、“不常”等。 例一：Not all the drugs are absorbed in the stomach. 并非全部药物都在胃中被吸收。 例二：All X-ray machines in this hospital are not produced in our country. 这个医院的X线机并非都是国产的。 例三：Both of the substances do not dissolve in water. 这两种物质并不都溶于水。 例一：Prolonged absence of the antagonists leads to chronic spasticity of the uninvolved muscles. （absence转换为动词，译为“不起作用”） 拮抗肌长期不起作用导致腱侧肌肉的慢性退化。 例二：In many cases ,a simple cause may be responsible for failure of the ulcer to heal. 在很多病例中，某个简单的原因就可能使溃疡不能愈合。 6.3 准否定 (1)表示准否定的名词有：absence(缺乏、没有)，freedom (没有), failure(未能), lack(缺少、没有), inability(不能、无力)等。 例一：Bypass operation seems indicated when obstructive symptoms fail to respond to medical treatment. 内科治疗肠梗阻无效时，就要考虑行分流术。 例二：The ulcer refused to heal. 溃疡不愈合。 例三： The patient denied a family history of his disease. 病人说他的病没有家族史. (2)表示准否定的动词有：fail(未能、失败)，deny(否认)，miss(错过)，over look(忽略、看不到),exclude(排除