流学(九版)六ppt.ppt

CHAPTER 6 Transportation Learning Objectives Explain the economic role transportation plays in the economy. Discuss the economic and service characteristics of the basic modes. To realize the role of freight forwarders and other intermediaries To understand the difference between LTL and TL motor carriers Learning Objectives To learn about project cargo To learn the basics of freight rate determination The Domestic Transportation System Key Terms Broker Bulk cargo Consignee Freight classification Key Terms Freight forwarder Intermodal transportation LTL Nodes The Domestic Transportation System Key Terms Parcels Parcel carriers Private transportation Project cargo Key Terms Routing guides Shippers’ cooperatives Ton-mile The Role of Transportation in Logistics Transportation is the physical link connecting the firm to its suppliers and customers. In a nodes and links scenario, transportation is the link between fixed facilities (nodes). Transportation also adds value to the product by providing time and place utility for the firm’s goods. The Role of Transportation in Logistics As firms engage in global competition, transportation costs are becoming even more significant. Outbound transportation was clearly the largest component of total physical distribution costs. Cost trade-offs abound in transportation and are typified by trading lower inventory costs for higher transportation costs. Transportation System Transportation is the movement of goods and people between two points Nodes Links Air, water, motor, rail, pipeline Intermodal transportation Routing guides Figure 6-1: Switching Milk Cans from a Farmer’s Buggy to a Truck on a Rural Road in North Carolina, 1929 Transportation System Supply chain success requires transportation Transportation costs are affected by node location Inventory requirements are influenced by mode Packaging requirements are dictated by mode Materials handling equipment and design of the docks are dictated by mode Maximum conso