4第四节生产者行为解析.ppt

Multiple Choice Marginal cost equals a. total cost divided by quantity of output produced. b. total output divided by the change in total cost. c. the slope of the total cost curve. d. None of the above are correct. ANSWER: c [经济学原理...............邓达] * Multiple Choice Diminishing marginal product suggests that a. additional units of output become less costly as more output is produced. b. marginal cost is upward sloping. c. the firm is at full capacity. d. All of the above are correct. ANSWER: b [经济学原理...............邓达] * Multiple Choice When marginal cost exceeds average total cost, a. average fixed cost must be rising. b. average total cost must be rising. c. average total cost must be falling. d. marginal cost must be falling. ANSWER: b [经济学原理...............邓达] * Multiple Choice In the long run, a. inputs that were fixed in the short run remain fixed. b. inputs that were fixed in the short run become variable. c. inputs that were variable in the short run become fixed. d. variable inputs are rarely used. ANSWER: b [经济学原理...............邓达] * Multiple Choice Economies of scale occur when a. long-run average total costs rise as output increases. b. long-run average total costs fall as output increases. c. average fixed costs are falling. d. average fixed costs are constant. ANSWER: b [经济学原理...............邓达] * Multiple Choice . How long does it take a firm to go from the short run to the long run? a. six months b. one year c. two years d. It depends on the nature of the firm. ANSWER: d [经济学原理...............邓达] * * * * * 第四章 生产者行为分析第三节 两种可变要素的生产函数 [经济学原理...............邓达] * Ｋ Ｌ 0 技术约束 成本约束 五、等成本线 Isocost line 即生产预算线，斜率等于要素价格比 成本方程： C = wL + rK w C K= - ? L + ? r r 成本最低 Ｃ/r Ｃ/w Ｃ/w ＝-w/r 斜率：Ｃ/r 第四章 生产者行为分析第三节 两种可变要素的生产函数 六、最优的生产要素组合 1、既定成本下的产量最大化 2、既定产量下的成本最小化 [经济学原理...............邓达] * Ｋ 0 Ｅ ? Ａ ? Ｌ 最优的生产要素组合 等产量线与等成本线的切点上 即：边际技术替代率等于要素价格时，也就是等于要素边际产量时 MPL　　ｗ RTSLK = ?? = ??