招教英美文学-复习资料.doc

时间就是金钱，效率就是生命！ 唯有惜时才能成功，唯有努力方可成就！ （英美文学系统复习讲义） 第一部分 殖民主义时期的文学/colonialism系统复习： 一、American culture British culture 继承 → Puritanism ①清教(17-18C) depict 描绘美景 ② endless land treasures 被财富吸引 Negroes American Indians. 二、Tudor Dynasty (1485-1603) 1590年 against Spain // Roman Catholic \church (议会) parliament 清教徒组成的 17C break down (资产阶级与君王制) dissolve 到 Charles Ⅰ “monopoly”垄断 grant Civil war （1642-1649） Oliver Cromwell: cloak Puritanism 清教的口号：节欲 Mary Barton 宪章运动 鲁滨逊 colonization 三、1688 Glorious Revolution 贵族与资产阶级达成妥协 Industrial Revolution Enclosure Movement (15C-18C) 圈地运动 Enlightenment 1、Roman Catholic church 天主教 2、Church of England = 英国国教 = Anglican 为了摆脱天主教，国主自创的，又名protestant, 新教廷 Conform (1662) “Acts of uniformity”统一法案 3、Puritan = Nonconformist = 是新教的一个分支，清教徒不同意“统一法案”，又叫持不同政见者。 更极端，不要繁琐程序，individualism. 书上内容： 一、时期综述（关于清教的应该都是重点） 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：A、narratives 日记 B、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：①their voyage to the new land ②adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops ③about dealing with Indians ④guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit ★3、清教徒的想法：①Puritans want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices.净化信仰和行为方式②wish to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology.重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位③look upon themselves as a chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God’s will and is not to be accepted.认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝。④Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步。⑤religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒： John Cotton and Roger Williams 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy. Williams begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、Williams的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct