信息与通信基于单片机的智能寻迹小车设计.doc

基于单片机的智能小车设计 摘 要 本文介绍了基于AT89S52单片机的智能循迹小车的设计与实现，小车完成的主要功能是能够自主识别黑色引导线根据黑色引导线的走向实现快速稳定的行驶，并且在前方出现障碍物时能够发出报警信号。小车系统以AT89S52单片机为微控制处理器，采用TCRT5000光电传感器获取路线信息，通过由L298N构成的驱动电路分别驱动两个直流电机的正转、反转和停止，从而实现小车的循迹功能，当路线前方检测到有障碍物时，小车能够立即停止并报警，障碍物消除后，小车继续循迹行驶。 关键词:单片机；自动寻迹；TCRT5000；L298N； The Design of Intelligent Car Based on Single-chip Microcomputer Abstract This article introduces the design and execution of intelligent tracking car.The main function of the car is tracking the black line to realize auto driving stably and sending alarm signal when obstacle appears. The intelligent tracking car takes AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer as main control processor. Using TCRT5000 single-beam infrared photoelectric sensor for route information detection device，and L298N constant voltage constant-current bridge driver IC for car driving chip to drive two DC motors to forward, reverse and stop, so that the car can run by planned pathway stably. When there is an obstacle is detected in front of the car, the car will stop and send alarm signal.When obstacles removed, the car will continued to tracking the black line. Keywords: Single-chip microcomputer；Auto-tracking；TCRT5000；L298N driver IC 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc292699267 1 绪论 PAGEREF _Toc292699267 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc292699268 1.1 智能小车的研究背景 PAGEREF _Toc292699268 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc292699269 1.2 智能小车的自主循迹概述 PAGEREF _Toc292699269 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc292699270 1.3设计的思路和要实现的功能 PAGEREF _Toc292699270 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc292699271 2 系统总体方案和主要芯片介绍 PAGEREF _Toc292699271 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc292699272 2.1 系统总体方案 PAGEREF _Toc292699272 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc292699273 2.1.1车体设计 PAGEREF _Toc292699273 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc292699274 2.1.2系统结构框图 PAGEREF _Toc292699274 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc292699275 2.2 主要芯片介绍 PAGEREF _Toc292699275 \h 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc292699276 2.2.1 STC89C52简介 PAGEREF _Toc292699276 \h 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc292699277 2.2.2 78L05简介 PAGEREF _Toc292699277 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc292699