德布罗意关系及其验证 毕业论文设计.doc

PAGE TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc355623843 1光的本性 PAGEREF _Toc355623843 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc355623844 1.1早期对广本性的研究 PAGEREF _Toc355623844 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc355623845 1.2普朗克假说 PAGEREF _Toc355623845 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc355623846 1.3波粒二象实验验证 PAGEREF _Toc355623846 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc355623847 2德布罗意假设 PAGEREF _Toc355623847 \h 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc355623848 2.1德布罗意所处的背景 PAGEREF _Toc355623848 \h 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc355623849 2.1.1德布罗意所处物理背景 PAGEREF _Toc355623849 \h 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc355623850 2.1.2德布罗意家庭背景 PAGEREF _Toc355623850 \h 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc355623851 2.2德布罗意假设 PAGEREF _Toc355623851 \h 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc355623852 3电子波动性的实验 PAGEREF _Toc355623852 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc355623853 3.1戴维逊—革末实验 PAGEREF _Toc355623853 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc355623854 3.2 G.P汤姆逊实验 PAGEREF _Toc355623854 \h 6 HYPERLINK \l _Toc355623855 4 实物粒子的波粒二象性 PAGEREF _Toc355623855 \h 7 德布罗意关系及其验证 摘要：文章先介绍了光的本性发展的历史，从早期的粒子性和波动性更迭，再到普朗克假设提出及验证确立了波粒二象性。德布罗意据此提出假设，认为实物粒子也具有波粒二象性，并通过戴维逊-革末实验和G.P汤姆逊实验分别用电子轰击晶体得到衍射现象，验证了电子波动性。物质波假设的建立，标志着人类对物质世界的认识更加深化，也为量子理论的发展开辟了一条崭新的道路。 ABSTRACT: The article first introduces the history of people`s understanding of the nature of light, first the change of the character of a?particle?and?a?wave, then the Planck hypothesis is put forward and establish the wave-particle duality. Louis Victor de Broglie hypothesis is put forward and show that physical particles also have wave-particle duality, and The Davidson-Germer experiment and G.P Thomson experiment verify the electronic volatility respectively by electron bombardment crystal diffraction phenomenon. Matter waves hypothesis, marked the human deepen the understanding of the material world, and it has opened up a brand-new road to the quantum theory. 引言：波粒二象性最先由普朗克提出用于解释光的本性，后来由德布罗意推广到所有物质都具有的本性。科学的发展是一个不断积累和斗争的漫长过程。在这个过程中要求人们不断改进观念创造新的理论。科学得到发展离不开不懈的探索，离不开大胆的猜想，更离不开站在的肩上看的更远。 关键词：德布罗意；物质波；波粒二象性。 KEY WORDS: Louis Victor;de Broglie ?particle;wave-particle duality. 1光的本性 1.1早期对广本性的