SLAAn Intrctry Crse 2文档.ppt

 the only explanation: Children are born with a special ability to discover for themselves the underlying rules of a language system LAD --- imaginary “ black box” underlying principles/rules *  --- contain all and only the principles which are universal to all human languages ( UG ) --- for LAD to work, the child needs access only to samples of the natural language --- once it is activated, the child is able to discover the structure of the language by matching the innate knowledge of basicgrammatical relationships to the structure of the particular language in environment *  Chomsky’s tenets: 1) The capacity to learn language is universal, the ability to learn is innate. 2) Man is a reasoning being 3) Reinforcement is not enough *  Teaching implications --- provide lots of meaningful language --- no need to avoid errors --- no need for repetition --- no set order of skills *  In certain fundamental respects we do not really learn language; rather grammar grows in the mind N. Chomsky * The interactionist view The behaviouristic view learner --- ‘ a language-producing machine’ linguistic environment the crucial determining factor input: language in the form of input language as feedback *  The innatist view learner --- ‘ a grand initiator ’ exposure to language not account for acquisition input: a trigger *  The interactionist view intermediate view learner --- actively contributing to LA dependent on input two versions cognitive interactionist social interactionist *  The cognitive interactionist view Jean. Piaget LA --- interaction linguistic envi