新视野大学英语（第三版）读写教程B1U7 Section A-When honesty disappears.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * 6. confine (Para. 4) For human beings, the hunger for liberty is strong, and it is not confined to any time or place. be confined to sb. / sth.: exist in or affect only a particular place or group 局限于某人 / 某事 Translation: 人类对自由的渴望是非常强烈的，并不受任何时间或地域的限制。 Enhancing your skills Language highlighting 7. descend (Para. 6) They descended from the mountain top. v. (fml.) move from a higher level to a lower one 下来；下降；走下 Translation: 他们从山顶下来。 Enhancing your skills Language highlighting 7. descend (Para. 6) Without trust, ordered societies would descend into chaos. descend into: if a situation descends into a certain bad state, it becomes bad 陷入…状况 Translation: 没有诚信，有序的社会就会陷入混乱。 Enhancing your skills Language highlighting Meaning Examples - al The suffix - al combines with nouns and verbs to form adjectives personal formal additional educational approval arrival Enhancing your skills Language highlighting Task 4 Word formation 1. The demanding task of writing term papers has always been a source of tense nerves and frustration, if not the ultimate homework nightmare. (Para. 2) In this sentence the conjunction if has a special usage. It is used when you are adding that something may be even more, less, better, worse, etc. than you have just said. The snow is so deep, making it difficult, if not impossible, to get the car out of the garage. ? 雪很厚，要把车从车库里开出来虽说不是不可能，但是很困难。 Enhancing your skills Language highlighting Task 5 Sentence analysis Meaning: Although the difficult task of writing term papers may not be the most terrible homework, it is so challenging that it has been making students feel very worried, annoyed, upset, and impatient. Enhancing your skills Language highlighting 1. The demanding task of writing term papers has always been a source of tense nerves and frustration, if not the ultimate homework nightmare. (Para. 2) whether or not / whether … or not 意为“不管；不论” ，用于表示无论出现什么状况，某事肯定发生或不发生。有时这个结构中的某些成分可以省略，例如，课