（毕业设计论文）《N-烷基葡糖胺合成与分离方法的研究》.docVIP

N-烷基葡糖胺合成及分离方法研究 PAGE 2 N-烷基葡糖胺合成与分离方法的研究 摘 要 近年来,随着人们环保意识的增强,绿色化学研究愈来愈为人们所重视。在绿色化学的浪潮中,绿色表面活性剂的研究也十分活跃。其中,以淀粉和动物油脂为起始原料衍生的一些糖基表面活性剂就是其中之一.烷基多苷由可再生资源(淀粉和油脂或它们的衍生物葡萄糖和脂肪醇)为原料而制得的非离子表面活性剂。它除了具有传统表面活性剂的优异性能外,还具有许多独特的性能,因而国内外有关专家称它为世界级表面活性剂。近年来受到人们的重视,成为继Ｓｐａｎ和Ｔｗｅｅｎ之后在表面活性剂领域备受关注的研究课题。 烷基葡萄糖酰胺作为一种新型绿色表面活性剂已经成为行业内研究的热点。早在1901年，E.Roux就从葡萄糖由糖亏的还原制得了葡糖胺（GA）这一具有特殊结构的化合物。由于该化合物保留了葡萄糖的旋光结构，同时又提出了氨基这一化学活性基团，因而，在生化及医药领域中，它被作为重要的中间体使用，迄今已开发了葡糖胺皂类，脂肪酰葡糖胺，羧甲基化葡糖胺，葡糖叔胺与季胺盐，葡糖脲烷与环脲烷等多种衍生物。 本课题为以葡萄糖和乙醇胺为原料生成N-羟乙基葡糖胺的方法，详细总结了葡糖胺的研究近况，葡糖胺的作用以及制备工艺，寻找以淀粉水解产物葡萄糖为原料合成N-烷基葡糖胺的工艺流程和分离提纯的方法。 所得工艺条件为： 在59 ℃下先让葡萄糖和乙醇胺以乙醇为溶剂进行加成反应，反应三个小时，然后静置一天，再加入硼氢化钾进行加氢反应，反应六到七个小时，抽滤并减压蒸馏液体。 关键词：葡萄糖 乙醇胺 硼氢化钾 薄层色谱 ABSTRACT At present ,the output of alkyl polyglucoside amide (APA) is 40000t/a,PG is the primary manufacturer. Abour the synthesis technology of APA,the process based on glucose via amination,hydzogenation and amidation was adopted in foreign countries ;domcatic studies was based on glucose or starch through hydrolysis,reduction amination and acylation.APA has good development prospects which can be used in detergent coametic industry ,food industry ,agriculture,textile industry and so on. N-alkyl glucamine is one of the glucamine, It is used to produce green surfactant and hemal medicine. The alkyl poly - glycoside was prepared by transglycosylation method. The process conditions were investigated as follows :n(glucouse) :n(n-butanol) :n(ldodecanol) :n(catalyst) = 1 :6 :1.5 :0.005 ,the reaction temperature is 110 ℃～120 ℃,and reaction time is 4h. The average recovery was 65.5 % and they are applied in many fields of industries ,such as detergent cosmetics ,medicament ,pesticides and plastic etc. The surfactant is the new world class green，mild surfactant. It not only includes the traditional basic characteristic of the surfactant, but also mild, safe, innocuous. Spume ample, exquisite and steady, biological decomposing rapidly and downright. It is satisfied for the requirement of environme