R语言编程编写基本操作.ppt

画图(contour) data(volcano) rx - range(x - 10*1:nrow(volcano)) ry - range(y - 10*1:ncol(volcano)) ry - ry + c(-1,1) * (diff(rx) - diff(ry))/2 tcol - terrain.colors(12) par(opar); opar - par(pty = s, bg = lightcyan) plot(x = 0, y = 0,type = n, xlim = rx, ylim = ry, xlab = , ylab = ) u - par(usr) rect(u[1], u[3], u[2], u[4], col = tcol[8], border = “red”) #rect画矩形 contour(x, y, volcano, col = tcol[2], lty = solid, add = TRUE, vfont = c(sans serif, plain)) title(A Topographic Map of Maunga Whau, font = 4) abline(h = 200*0:4, v = 200*0:4, col = lightgray, lty = 2, lwd = 0.1);par(opar) 画图(image) data(volcano) x - 10*(1:nrow(volcano)) y - 10*(1:ncol(volcano)) image(x, y, volcano, col = terrain.colors(100), axes = FALSE) contour(x, y, volcano, levels = seq(90, 200, by=5), add = TRUE, col = peru) axis(1, at = seq(100, 800, by = 100)) axis(2, at = seq(100, 600, by = 100)) box() title(main = Maunga Whau Volcano, font.main = 4) 画图(箭头和线段) x=runif(12);y=rnorm(12);I=order(x,y);x=x[i];y=y[i];plot(x,y, main=arrows(.) and segments(.))## draw arrows from point to point : s=seq(length(x)-1)# one shorter than data arrows(x[s],y[s],x[s+1],y[s+1],col= 1:3) s=s[-length(s)];segments(x[s],y[s], x[s+2],y[s+2],col=pink) 第一部分画点,第二部分画箭头,第三部分画线段 postscript(“myfile.ps”)#保存图像到文件 plot(1:10)#画散点图,不会显示在图形窗口 dev.off()#关闭设备 * * * * 画图(继续) par(mfrow=c(1,2)) plot(x-0:50, y-pi*x^2, xlab=Radius, ylab=expression(Area == pi*r^2),type=b) plot(x-0:50, y-pi*x^2,xlab=Radius, ylab=Area == pi*r^2,type=l)#What is the difference? par(mfrow=c(1,1)) 画图(继续) par(mfrow=c(2,2)) plot(1:10,1:10,main=Straight line,type=l) locator(n=2,type=l)#加一条n个点决定的折线 hist(rnorm(50), main=Histogram of Normal) qqnorm(rt(100,2), main=Samples from t(2)) plot(density(rnorm(50)), main=Normal density) par(mfrow=c(1,1)) 画图(继续) plot(complex(arg=seq(-pi,pi,len=20)),main=Complex numbers, sub=circle) 画图(时间序列) x=runif(100);x=ts(x,start=1960+(3/12),frequency=12);options(digits=2);x plot(x,main=Time series) J