Abstract writing.课件.ppt

摘要 Abstract 怎样写作医学论文的英文摘要 中医园 Abstract A scientific paper to provide readers with an overview of the contents of the paper The abstract should make sense both when read alone and when read with the paper Usually appears at the beginning of a paper and mirrors its format Classification and Format of Abstracts 摘要的分类与形式 Indicative Abstract 通报性或指示性摘要 Informative Abstract 资料性摘要 non-structured abstract full-structured abstract semi-structured abstract Indicative Abstract States only the general subject matter of a paper or report Includes the introduction of materials, methods and results usually short, containing simply one, two or more sentences Informative Abstract full-structured abstract non-structured abstract semi-structured abstract Non-Structured Abstract Not labeled with objectives, methods, results and conclusions Also consist of the same contents in one or more paragraphs Full-Structured Abstract Objective (目的) Design (设计) Setting (地点) Patients, participants or subjects （对象） Interventions (处理) Main outcome measures (主要测定项目) Results （结果) Conclusion (结论) Semi-Structured Abstract Also known as 4-elemenal abstract More precise and to the points Frequently employed in medical abstract writing 4 element Objective Method Conclusion Results 中药麦芽对雌性小鼠激素水平影响的实验研究 目的：观察中药麦芽对雌性小鼠激素水平影响。方法：青壮年雌性小鼠(月龄5～6月)，经麻醉后背部双侧切口切除卵巢，结扎输卵管去势，对雌性小鼠予中药麦芽药物治疗。结果：小鼠血中促卵泡激素(ＦＳＨ)、雌二醇(Ｅ2)水平增高，孕酮(Ｐ)水平下降，黄体生成素(ＬＨ)无明显变化。结论：麦芽有提高性腺激素水平，中药可替代激素治疗。 Language Feature In scientific writing, only 2 tenses are normally used: present and past Occasionally, the future tense might be used in pointing to the need for further experimentation Very important 4 rules Established knowledge( previous results) should be described in the present tense Presentation (Table 1 shows that…) is given in the present tense Description of methods and results in the current paper should be in the past tense Attribution (Jones repor