《英汉对比研究》课件.ppt

上海财经大学－商务英语课程 英汉对比研究 1.繁复与简短 (Complex vs. Simplex) 2.静态与动态 ( Stative vs. Dynamic ) 3.形合和意合 ( Hypotactic vs. Paratactic ) 3.物称与人称 ( Impersonal vs. Personal ) 4.被动与主动 ( Passive vs. Active )  繁复与简短(Complex vs. Simplex) 从属结构(subordination)是现代英语最重要的特点之一。 汉语常用散句、松句、紧缩句、省略句、流水句或并列形式的复句（composite sentences），以中短句居多，最佳长度为7至12字。 英译汉时常常要破句重组，化繁为简。 In the doorway lay at least 12 umbrellas of all sizes and colors. 门口放着至少有十二把五颜六色，大小不一的雨伞。 门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。 There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met. 关于我所访问的一些地方和遇见的不少人有许多奇妙的故事可以讲。 我访问了一些地方，遇到了不少人。要谈起来，奇妙的事儿可多着呢。 Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me? 你能回答一个使我弄不懂而又想问你的问题吗？ 我有一个问题弄不懂，想请教你，你能回答吗？ If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening does not wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No.10 Broad Street. He is well known. 上星期日傍晚，有人曾见某君在市教堂取走雨伞一把。取伞者如不愿卷入纠纷，还是将伞送至布牢德街十号为妙。此君为谁，尽人皆知。 In Africa I met a boy, who was crying bitterly as if his heart would break, and said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry, because he had had no food for two days. 在非洲，我曾遇到一个小男孩，他伤心地哭着，似乎心都碎了。我问起他时，他说他饿极了。已经两天没吃东西了。 汉语的分句或流水句，译成英语时，常常要化简为繁，组合成复合句或长句， 因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。这种隔绝状态，由于通讯工具不足，就变得更加严重了。 The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media. But for agriculture, man could not exist, nor could social production proceed. 没有农业，人类便不能生存，社会生产也就不能继续下去。 静态与动态 ( Stative vs. Dynamic ) 英语倾向于多用名词，介词，形容词等，因而叙述呈静态（stative)； 汉语倾向于多用动词，因而叙述呈动态(dynamic)。 试比较： The doctor arrived extremely quickly and examined the patient uncommonly carefully; the result was that he recovered very speedily. The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. 静态与动态 ( Static vs. Dynamic ) I am afraid of your misunderstanding