灾难处理(英文).ppt

First Priority Airway problem 气道堵塞 窒息 胸口受伤 张力性气胸 创伤性晕厥 Shock or impending shock 外在或内在严重出血 烧伤=50%或面部烧伤 心包填塞 Visceral injuries ( e.g. evisceration) YELLOW黄色标志 Second priority 次优 Victims are seriously injured but their care can be temporarily delayed without threat to life or limb but may need emergency threatment within -6 hrs 短暂延迟也不会对生命或肢体构成威胁但4-6小时内需要紧急救治 延后治疗（Delayed Treatment，T2） Second priority 血管伤害（导致考虑使用止血带） 所有出现恶化的头部伤 50%累计脸、手、足、生殖器官的烧伤 脑及脊髓伤 开放性（复合型）骨折 Third priority 没有休克的软组织伤害 没有脉搏损失的肌肉与骨骼的伤害 眼外伤 20%的其他烧伤 * Face mask Eye protection - goggles Water impervious apron Leggings Gloves Head covering Needles, blades, body fluids and tissues -- Strictly enforced Sorting of patients based on the need of treatment and the available resources to provide that treatment Two types of triage situation - Multiple Casualties - Mass Casualties * 灾难处理 初级创伤救治 冲击事件 资源与需求不平衡 伤患 灾难 意外事件 意外事件 No No “There is a golden hour between life and death. If you are critically injured you have less than 60 minutes to survive. You might not die right then; it may be three days or two weeks later – but something has happened in your body that is irreparable.” - R Adams Cowley 事前规划—订立流程 教育训练—人员熟悉 事件发生—照表进行 事后检讨—修改流程 * 目的： 以有限的人力资源、物质资源在最短时间内救治最多的病人。 * The term triage, derived from the French word “to sort,” military application involves prioritizing victims into categories based on severity of injury, likelihood of survival, and urgency of care Goal of triage is to identify high-risk injured patients who would benefit from the resources available A second goal of triage is to limit the excessive transport of non–severely injured patients so as not to overwhelm the trauma center 首先治疗垂危但有救的病人 不断的走动，再分类 勿在一个人身上停留太久 只做简单而可以 停止稳定且不耗人力的急救动作 心脏停止视同死亡，为最不优先 明显感染的患者要隔离 * Simple 简单 Triage 检伤分类 And 和 Rapid 快速 Treatment