平衡施肥对海南早稻经济性状和产量的影响.docVIP

平衡施肥对海南早稻经济性状和产量的影响 　　摘要：采用“3414”完全随机区组设计，开展早稻田间肥效试验，研究施肥对早稻经济性状及产量的影响。结果表明，氮是影响早稻分蘖数的关键因素，钾是影响早稻有效穗率、株高、有效穗长、每穗粒数、结实率、着粒密度的关键因素。施肥对早稻具有极显著的增产效应，氮肥的增产效果最好，最高增产18.00%，纯增收入1 278.4元/hm2；磷肥最高增产10.40%，纯增收入732.8元/hm2；钾肥最高纯增收入455.1元/hm2，增产11.30%。通过配置肥料效应模型，结合试验实际情况，确定早稻氮、磷、钾最佳配比为N∶P2O5∶K2O=0.30∶1.00∶0.73。 　　关键词：平衡施肥；早稻；经济性状；产量 　　中图分类号：S511.3+1；S147.21+1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）09-1623-05 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.09.007 　　Effects of Balanced Fertilization on Yield and Economic Characters of Early-Season Rice 　　ZHANG Dong-ming1，2，3，WANG Sui-gan4，WU Guang-hui4，CHEN Sheng4，WU Zong-li4，ZHANG Yong-fa2，4 　　（1.Agricutral Environment and Soil Research Institute， Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Haikou 571100， China； 　　2.Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation （Hainan）， Ministry of Agriculture， Haikou 571100， China； 　　3.Hainan Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation， Haikou 571100， China； 　　4.Agricutral Technical Extension and Service Center of Haikou City， Haikou 570206， China） 　　Abstract： Field trials of fertilizer to early-season rice were carried out by using the “3414” completely random block design to observe early-season rice economic characters and yield. The results showed that N fertilization was a key impact factor of early-season rice tiller number，and P fertilization was a key factor of the rate of early rice and effective ear，plant height， effective ear length，grain number per panicle，seed setting rate，grain density. The fertilization significantly increased the yeild of early-season rice，the effect of N fertilization on yield and economic was the largest， compared with control，the highest yield-increase rate was 18.00% with the net income increased by 1 278.4 CNY per hectare， the highest yield-increase rate of P was 10.40% with the net income increased by 732.8 CNY per hectare， while the highest net income of K increased by 455.1 CNY per hectare with the yield-increase rate was 11.30%. The op