海啸数值模拟与南海海啸预警方法NumericalSimulationofTsunami.PDF

第36 卷第3 期 力 学 季 刊 Vol.36 No.3 2015年9 月 CHINESE QUARTERLY OF MECHANICS Sep. 2015 doi: 10.15959/ki.0254-0053.2015.03.001 海啸数值模拟与南海海啸预警方法 刘桦，赵曦，王本龙，任智源 (上海交通大学 工程力学系水动力学教育部重点实验室，上海 200240) 摘要：海啸生成、传播、爬高与淹没过程，以及海啸预警方法是海啸动力学研究的重要内容．近十年来国内外 学者在该领域开展了大量的研究工作．本文总结了海啸数学模型研究进展，重点介绍了高阶Boussinesq水波模型 及其在海啸研究中的应用，包括海啸在沿海大陆架上传播、演化与爬高特征和实际海啸过程的数值模拟．针对 南中国海马尼拉海沟断裂带潜在的海啸风险，建立了该海域的基于多浮标观测反演和数值模拟的海啸预警方法， 并提出了一种新的快速预警策略．探讨了海啸波导致地磁场异常的理论预报模型，并针对实际海啸过程给出了 地磁场异常的时空分布． 关键词：海啸；爬高；物理模型实验；数值模拟；南中国海；海啸预警系统 中图分类号：O352 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0254-0053(2015)03-0351-19 Numerical Simulation of Tsunami and Tsunami Warning Methods for South China Sea Region LIU Hua, ZHA O Xi, WANG Ben-long, REN Zhi-yuan (Department of Engineering Mechanics, MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China) Abstract : More attention has been paid to studies on the generation, propagation, runup and innudation of tsunami and the tsunami warning methods. The recent progress in tsunamis dynamics and its numerical methods is summarized. The mathematical modeling of tsunamis is reviewed. The high order Boussinesq model and its application in tsunami research are discussed in details, covering numerical simulation of propagation and runup of tsunami on beach and 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. Regarding to the tsunami warning method for the South China Sea region, a multi-buoy inversion method and a quick warning method are developed. The magnetic anomaly induced by an inhomogeneous velocity field under tsunami waves in open ocean is investigated and, with asymptotical analysis, an theoretical solution of the kinemati