族际文化制衡和生态维护研究.docVIP

族际文化制衡和生态维护研究 　　 [摘要]就当前全球生态环境的基本状况而言,生态灾变与生态危机的区域主要集中在多民族分布的交接地带,在中国也是如此。本文认为,从“民族”―“文化”―“生境”的关系出发,每一个民族的分布区域可以被划分为核心分布区、有效分布区和代偿分布区。一般来说,生态灾变与生态危机不会发生在民族分布的核心分布区,而是主要发生在代偿分布区。因而,要避免生态灾变与生态危机的发生,关键在于有效地实现民族间的文化制衡,通过文化制衡,构建和维护多民族的文化边界,以确保各民族的活动与其生态环境有机契合,从而达成人类生态环境的有序利用与维护。 　　[关键词]生态危机;生态维护;民族分布;文化制衡 　　[中图分类号]C912.4;C912.5;X24[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1674-6848(2009)02-0050-12 　　[作者简介]罗康隆(1965―),男,苗族,贵州天柱人,博士,吉首大学人类学与民族学研究所教授,主要从事生态人类学研究。(湖南吉首416000) 　　[基金项目]国家社科基金重点项目“扩大和稳定我国中西部水资源储养能力的文化对策研究”阶段性成果(08AJY025);湖南省“百人工程”项目“云贵高原东南缘各民族生计方式多样性与生态维护研究”阶段性成果(05C701)。 　　[收稿日期]2009-08-12 　　Research on Inter-ethnic Culture Balance and Ecological Maintenance 　　LUO Kang-long 　　Abstract: In accordance with basic conditions of the contemporary global ecological environment, ecological disasters and crises mainly occur in contiguous regions of multiple ethnics, and China is no exception. Viewed from the relationship among nation-ality, culture and niche, this paper considers that the distributing areas for each nationality may be divided into the core dis-tributing area, the effective distributing area and the commutation distributing area. Generally speaking, the ecological disasters and crises mainly occur in the commutation distributing area, instead of in the core distributing area. Therefore, in order to avoid the ecological disasters and crises, it is important to realize the culture balance between nationalities, construct and maintain multi-ethnic cultural boundaries as to ensure that their activities are organically compatible with the ecological environment, thus achieving the utility and maintenance of the human ecological environment in an ordered way. 　　Key words: ecological crisis; ecological maintenance; ethnic distribution; culture balance 　　 　　目前,全球每分钟有10公顷以上的土地变成沙漠,每年有500～700万公顷农田、牧场沙漠化,每年有4000万公顷土地盐碱化,仅中国的草原被开垦成农地的面积就达4亿亩,其中1/3已经变成了沙漠。全球已有100多个国家和地区不同程度地缺水,严重缺水的地区占地球整个陆地面积的60%。自然环境的被破坏反过来加重了人类社会的种种危机,特别是无处不在的贫困和无休止的战争。面对这样的现实,人类如何对其生态环境进行维护,不同学科都在认真审视和研究,本文拟从族际