初中从句类型(主要知识点).docVIP

初中从句类型 【宾语从句】 　　 　 宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同，可把宾语从句分为三类。 　 学习宾语从句,我们应该注意三个方面：连接词、语序和时态。 一、连接词 1. that引导宾语从句时,that只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,常可省略。如: ●I know(that) he is a Canadian athlete. 2. whether或if引导宾语从句时,whether或if在句中不充当句子成分,意为“是否”,不可省略。如: ●I don’t know whether/ if my parents agree with me. 注意:与or not直接连用时只能用whether不可用if。如: ●He didn’t say whether or not he would be staying here. 3. what, who, whose, which等连接代词和when, where, how, why等连接副词引导宾语从句时,这些词在从句中充当一定的句子成分,都有各自的词义,不能省略。如: ●He didn’t understand what the teacher said. ●I don’t know when we will have a meeting. 二、语序 1. 在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句须用陈述句语序。如: ●Do you know where he lives? 2. 当主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等词时,宾语从句中的否定词常常转移到主句中,译为汉语时,仍把从句翻译成否定的意思。否定转移句的主语一般是第一人称。如: ●I don’t think (that) Tom is wrong. 我认为汤姆没错。 三、时态 1. 当主句的谓语动词是现在时态或一般将来时的时候,宾语从句的谓语动词可根据需要使用各种时态。但如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词也必须使用相应的过去时态。如: ●I want to know how he came yesterday. ●She asked if he was leaving for Beijing soon. 2. 宾语从句表述的是客观事实或普遍真理时,不管主句的谓语动词是什么时态,宾语从句仍使用一般现在时。如:●The teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth. 用法注意 一、if和when既能引导宾语从句,又能引导状语从句。因此,一定要认清它们一种形式的“两副面孔”,从而准确地判断句子的类型。如: I don’t know if / when he will come tomorrow. (宾语从句) If / When he comes, I’ll tell you about it.(状语从句) 二、 宾语从句与简单句 含有宾语从句的复合句有时可以变为简单句。该知识点在句型转换的题型中经常会作为考点出现。现归纳如下: 1. 在某些由疑问词(why除外)引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。 【变法】把宾语从句转换为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作主句谓语动词的宾语。如: I want to know how I can open the door. →I want to know how to open the door. 2. 在某些由疑问词(why除外)引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句谓语动词的间接宾语一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。 【变法】把宾语从句转换为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作主句谓语动词的复合宾语。如: Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? →Could you tell me how to get to the post office? 3. 在某些由that引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。 【变法】原复合句可变为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”的句型。如: We found that the boy was very clever. →We found the boy very clever. I saw that they were playing basketball there. →I saw them playing basketball there. 【状语从句 】