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Mencius 孟子(英文版) Mencius (Selections) Translated by Charles Muller, Tōyō Gakuen University Updated: August 14, 2003 Table of Contents 1A. King Hui of Liang (part one) 1B. King Hui of Liang (part two) 2A. Kung Sun Chou (part one) 公孫丑上 3A. T’eng Weng Kung (part one) 3B. T’eng Weng Kung (part two) 4A. Li Lou (part one) 離婁上 4B. Li Lou (part two) 離婁下 6A. Kao Tzu (part one) 吿子上 6B. Kao Tzu (part two) 吿子下 7A. Chin Hsin (part one) 盡心上 7B. Chin Hsin (part two) 盡心下 1A. King Hui of Liang (part one) 孟子見梁惠王。王曰，「叟，不遠千里而來，亦將有以利吾國乎？」孟子對曰，「王何必曰 利？亦有仁義而已矣。」「王曰：『何以利吾國？』大夫曰：『何以利吾家？』士庶人曰：『何 以利吾身？』上下交征利，而國危矣！萬乘之國弑其君者，必千乘之家；千乘之國，弑其君 者，必百乘之家。萬取千焉，千取百焉，不爲不多矣；苟爲後義而先利，不奪不饜。」「未有 仁而遺其親者也，未有義而後其君者也。」「王亦曰仁義而已矣，何必曰利？」 [1A:1] Mencius went to see King Hui of Liang. The King said: My good man, since you havent thought one thousand li too far to come and see me, may I presume that you have something with which I can profit my kingdom? Mencius said: Why must you speak of profit? What I have for you is Humaneness and Rightness, and thats all. If you always say how can I profit my kingdom? your top officers will ask, how can we profit our clans? The elites (shi)1 and the common people will ask: How can we profit ourselves? Superiors and inferiors will struggle against each other for profit, and the country will be in chaos. In a kingdom of ten thousand chariots, the murderer of the sovereign is usually from a clan of one thousand chariots. In a thousand-chariot kingdom, the murderer of the sovereign is usually from a clan of one hundred chariots. Now, to have a thousand in ten thousand, or one hundred in a thousand is not really all that much. But if you put due-giving last and profit first, no one will be satisfied unless they can grab something. There has never been a humane man who neglected