农村居民环保意识的阶层差异研究.doc.doc

PAGE PAGE 8 农村居民环保意识的阶层差异研究 ——以江苏省海门市Q村为例 社会学专业学生 王 锋 指导教师 姚兆余 摘要：农村居民环保意识的提高不仅关系到我国居民整体环保意识的提升，也关系着新时期新农村建设的进程。在对江苏省海门市Q村实地调研的基础上，笔者对该村居民的环保意识进行了描述性和相关性分析。通过研究显示，我国农村居民的环保意识薄弱，农村中不同阶层的居民在环保知识、环保态度、环保行为上存在着差异，这些差异与他们的环保知识、自身利益、价值观念等因素相关。要提高农村居民的环保意识，必须从各个阶层的差异现状出发，完善农村环境教育体系、加大力度宣传环保法规、发展现代农业、建立民间环保组织等，使农村居民的环境行为趋向理性化。 关键词：农村居民；环保意识；阶层差异 Study on the Rural Residents’ Environmental Awareness among the Different Strata ——Taking Q Village in Haimen of Jiangsu Student majoring in Sociology WANG Feng Tutor YAO Abstract: Increasing the rural residents’ environmental awareness，which is not only related to enhance the environmental awareness of the whole people in our country but also to the process of the new rural construction in the new period. Based on the research of the Q village in Hai Men, Jiangsu province, this article gives the description and correlation analysis about the residents’ environmental awareness in this village. The results show that the residents’ environmental awareness is very weak. There are some differences in the environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes and environmental behavior among the different strata, which is relating to the residents’ environmental knowledge, profit and value attitude. To improve the rural residents’ environmental awareness，we must start from the current situation of strata differences. We should improve the rural environmental education system, promote the environmental laws, develop the modern agriculture and establish the nongovernmental environmental organizations, which can make people’s environmental behavior become more rational. Key words: Rural residents; Environmental awareness; Strata differences 引言 中国统计年鉴数据显示，2008年全国环境污染与破坏次数达474次（江苏11次），其中水污染198次（江苏6次），大气污染141次（江苏5次），固体废物污染45次（江苏1次），其他类90次，全国污染直接经济损失18186万元，污染事故赔、罚款总额927万元。[1]另有报告称世界十大环境污染最严重的城市当中有一半已落入了中国的版图之内，更加触目惊心的事实是，1/3的中国地区降过酸雨、七大中国河流中有一半污染严重、1/4的中国居民没有清洁的饮水源。环境污染提高了生产成本，造成的经济损失占到国民生产总值的8.0%—15.0%，而