3-Uncertainty, Evolution and Economic Theory英语教案.pdf

Uncertainty, Evolution, and Economic Theory Author(s): Armen A. Alchian Source: Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 58, No. 3 (Jun., 1950), pp. 211-221 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: /stable/1827159 . Accessed: 17/10/2011 06:57 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . /page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Political Economy. UNCERTAINTY, EVOLUTION, AND ECONOMIC THEORY ARMEN A. ALCHIAN University of California at Los Angeles analy- environmental A of economic of the element of MODIFICATION duction sis to incorporateincompletein- adoption by the economic system of a formation and uncertain fore- posteriori most appropriate action ac- of posi- sight as axioms is suggested here. This cordingto the criterion realized approachdispenseswith profitmaximi- tive profits.This is illustratedin an ex- pre- model without zation; and it does not rely on the treme, random-behavior dictable,individualbehaviorthat i