Speech-Act-Theory-言语行为理论.pptxVIP

Speech Act TheorykerisIntroductionSpeech act theory is a major theory of both language philosophy and pragmatics. It was originally put forward by ordinary language philosophy John L.Austin and John R. Searle in the early fifties of the last century. The essence of this theory mainly concerns that language is often used to “do things”,to perform acts and to emphasize real language usage in actual situation.It challenges the“truth-value” statement and opens a new area of linguistics--pragmatics.This theory explains the nature of linguistic communication.The core of the communication is to deal with language,things and action. ConstativesVS PerformativesPerformatives,by contrast,have no truth-value; they are used to do something.Constatives are statements that either state or describe,and they have the property of being either true or false.Constative utterance （言有所述）The earth is round. /We are having class. Performative utterance（言有所为）I promise to give you ten dollars. Felicity conditionsA.(i)There must be a conventional procedure having a conventional effect. (ii)The circumstances and persons must be appropriate,as specified in the procedure.B.The procedure muse be executed(i) correctly and(ii) completely.C.(i)The persons must have the requisite thoughts ,feelings and intentions, as specified in the procedure, and (ii) if consequent conduct is specified,the relevant parties must so do. Explicit performatives VS Implicit performatives First person subject, simple present tense, indicative mood, active voice, performative verbswithout performative verbsI will attend your wedding.How about some tea?Sit down.I promise I will attend your wedding.I promise I’ll be there.I admit I was foolish.A performative verb?is a?verb?that explicitly conveys the kind of?speech act?being performed—such as?promise, invite, apologize,?predict, vow, request, warn, insist,?and?forbid.Collapse of the dichotomyProblems: Containing a performative verb does not necessarily make the ut