溯及力论文论刑法的溯及力.doc

溯及力论文：论刑法的溯及力 【中文摘要】本文由引言、正文和结语三部分组成。引言部分,简要阐述了文章立论的基础——基于刑法的频繁修正和司法解释的颁布而产生法的变更时,新旧法的适用问题。正文部分是本文的主体,它包括了三个部分。第一部分论述了罪刑法定原则的视野下,溯及力问题的基础性地位,借鉴英美法系中“推翻”理论阐释溯及力问题的本质。本部分着重研究了刑事司法解释的溯及力问题,从同步适用论和区别适用论的分歧展开论述,基于刑法的“时后性”特征,笔者赞同修正的同步适用论。第二部分对跨法犯所产生的溯及力问题进行探讨。采用列举的方式,重点论述连续犯、继续犯、集合犯、多次犯以及共同犯罪中的涉及的溯及力问题。“跨法犯”是刑法理论中的一个特有概念,指犯罪行为开始于新法生效以前而结束于其生效之后的情况。本文采用坚持罪刑法定原则在溯及力问题上的“从旧兼从轻”原则为主,再针对不同行为特征进一步区别对待。后者包括,连续犯中财产类犯罪与集合犯采用分段处理模式；多次犯,区分新增罪名与分解罪名分别规定,新法对其生效前的多次行为有无溯及既往的效力；对于共同犯罪中承继的共犯,笔者赞同仅参与后的行为成立共同正犯的观点,因此对前后行为分别适用新旧刑法。第三部分从诉讼时效的溯及力问题和既判力问题为切入点,探讨了现行刑法关于溯及力问题的立法缺陷。现行《刑法》第12条有关追诉时效的溯及力问题在适用在方法上割裂了刑法整体性,在结果上造成了重法溯及既往的缺陷,笔者就此提出分层次适用的框架体系,坚持有利于被告人的“从旧兼从轻”原则来计算追诉时效。关于既判力的原则,本文采相关主义的观点,新刑法对其施行前已经作出生效判决的行为具有溯及力,但这种溯及既往判决的效力需受到制约,不能溯及所有的既定判决,而只有“对新法不再认为是犯罪的,才得终止执行”。结语,本部分是在综合全文论述的基础上,对与刑法溯及力理论相关的刑事政策进行了概括性的提炼。 【英文摘要】This paper consists of introduction, text and conclusion three parts.The introduction part, briefly elaborate theoretical foundation of this paper--Based on the frequent amendments of Criminal Law and judicial interpretation that produce a new law change and any other problems.The next part is the main body of this paper, it includes three parts.The first part discusses the foundational position of the retroactive effect In accordance with the statutory principle, and draw lessons from the common law system that” overthrow” theory to explain the essence of retroactivity. This part focuses on the retroactivity of judicial interpretation of criminal law, aunch for the difference between synchronous application and distinction applies. Entering into the backwardness of legislation, the author agrees with the synchronous application of correction.The second part probe into the retroactive effect of cross-law. Using the way of enumeration, with emphasis on continuous committed, continuous crime, cumulative offence, crime of times and common crime that involving the retroactivity. “Cross law crime” in criminal law theory is a unique concept, refers to the cr