消防专业论文-“三合一”建筑火灾蔓延分析与扑救技战术研究.docVIP

PAGE I 摘 要 “三合一”建筑,是指建筑内有生产、加工、经营活动并含有多种致火因素、有人员住宿和存储可燃物的建筑。“三合一”建筑由于管理不规范、火灾荷载大、人员密集,易引发重大甚至是群死群伤恶性火灾事故。本课题研究的主目的是使消防指战员认识该建筑火灾的形成原因、蔓延特点、以及处置难点，利用合理的火灾扑救的技战术措施，为三合一建筑火灾处置提供理论和方法的指导。《中华人民共和国消防法》第十五条明确规定：“在设有车间或者仓库的建筑物内，不得设置员工集体宿舍”，公安消防部门依法对违章“三合一”建筑进行了积极的整改治理活动，但是由于整改机制不健全，整改成效不是十分显著，加之我国现有的经济模式，“三合一”建筑是历史发展的产物，所以彻底消除“三合一”建筑是不可能实现的。文章在对近几年这类建筑的火灾统计的基础上，运用消防燃烧学、火灾动力学等火灾科学的研究理论，深入分析了火灾的危险性、火灾原因、火灾特点，以及发生火灾时的蔓延途径、方式等，并通过大量的案例收集、整理与分析，总结此类火灾的规律和灭火处置对策。针对目前，消防部队在处置这类火灾时存在的不足，提出了可应用于灭火实战的火场控烟、排烟方法与措施等技战术方法，对于消防部队有效发挥人员和装备的效能，减少人员伤亡和财产损失，提升部队战斗力有一定的理论和实用价值。 关键词:三合一建筑; 火灾; 灭火救援; 技战术方法  Abstract Three-in-one building, refers to the construction of a production, processing, and business activities with a variety of factors caused by the fire, staff accommodation and storage of combustible goods. Three-in-one building because of the manager, fire load, and staff-intensive, easy to trigger a major or even vicious fires. The main purpose of the research is for fire commanders and soldiers to understand the reasons of the formation of building fires, characteristics of the spread, and disposal of difficulty to provide guidance of use fire fighting reasonable technical and tactical measures for the three in one building fires. Peoples Republic of China Fire Article 15 clearly states: In a shop or warehouse buildings, staff dormitory may not be set up, the fire department in accordance with the law on public security violation three-in-one has been actively made the rectification and reformed the governance Activities, but due to rectification mechanism is not sound, effective rectification and reform is not very significant. Coupled with Chinas inherent economic model, three-in-one construction is a product of historical development, so the total elimination of the three-in-one construction is unattainable. Based on the researches in recent years by use of theory fire combustion, and fire dynamics of and other scientific researches, the article analyzed the risk of fire, the