ChemistryandEnergy我国产生世界5%的GDP-大学化学精品课程.ppt

大学化学 印杰 jyin@ 课程中心：11) What is the purpose of this course? To understand the basic principles of chemistry To understand how chemists think and work? 考核方法 平时作业 团组作业 期末考试 Chapter 1: Chemistry is a Science of Change A water molecule is consisted of one oxygen (氧) atom and two hydrogen (氢) atoms. A cup of water contains about 1024 water molecules. Chemistry is the study of how atoms (原子) combine to form materials. (化学是研究原子组合成材料的科学) How many different types of atom: 114 so far. They are listed (according to their structure and properties) in the periodic table (元素周期表). Some atoms link together to form molecules (分子) and molecules are organized to form materials. So Chemistry can also be defined as the study of matter and the transformations it can go. （化学是研究物质和物质转变的科学） Now millions of molecules have been found or synthesized (合成), and they form the complexity of the earth and the life. The materials can be alloys, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, polymers, computer chips, DNA, and more. 1.1 Chemistry is a central science useful to our lives Most of the material items in any modern house are shaped by some human-devised chemical process. Chemistry and materials Chemistry and health Chemistry and energy Chemistry and Materials Science Chemistry and Biological Science and Health 手性现象：化学分子式不足以表示分子结构，在生命体内分子的空间结构十分关键！ 钥匙-锁模型 Chemistry and Energy 我国产生世界5%的GDP，却消耗的世界约20%的化石燃料，不可持续。 新的能源？ 核能、风能、生物质能、太阳能、氢能 Hydrogen energy：Fuel cell Chemistry and IC Industry 超大规模集成电路是信息科学领域的核心技术，但其制造工艺的60%以上是化学的应用： 如4Mb的动态随机存取和存储器芯片制造工艺，有164个工艺步骤，其中有118个依据化学，包括化学合成、化学加工、化学处理等。 Key issues in chemistry: Manipulating atoms and molecules to create materials to suit our needs. (More types and larger quantity) Green chemical processes to reduce waste product and to protect the environment A knowledge of chemistry gives us a handle on many of the questions and issues we face as a society. Is genetically modified food safe? Should fluoride be added to local water supply? Why is it imp