2015年--河海大学研究生英语一Unit-2---Individuals-and-Masses.docVIP

Unit 2 Individuals and Masses A?man?or?woman?makes?direct?contact?with?society?in?two?ways:?as?a?member?of?some?familial,?professional?or?religious?group,?or?as?a?member?of?a?crowd.?Groups?are?capable?of?being?as?moral?and?intelligent?as?the?individuals?who?form?them;?a?crowd?is?chaotic,?has?no?purpose?of?its?own?and?is?capable?of?anything?except?intelligent?action?and?realistic?thinking.? Assembled?in?a?crowd,?people?lose?their?powers?of?reasoning?and?their?capacity?for?moral?choice.?Their?suggestibility?is?increased?to?the?point?where?they?cease?to?have?any?judgement?or?will?of?their?own.?They?become?very?excitable,?they?lose?all?sense?of?individual?or?collective?responsibility,?they?are?subject?to易于…;遵守…?sudden?excesses过度?of?rage,?enthusiasm?and?panic.? In?a?word,?a?man?in?a?crowd?behaves?as?though?he?had?swallowed?a?large?dose?of?some?powerful?intoxicant.?He?is?a?victim?of?what?I?have?called?herd-poisoning.?Like?alcohol,?herd-?poison?is?an?active,?extravagant过度的，奢侈的?drug.?The?crowd-intoxicated?individual?escapes?from?responsibility,?intelligence?and?morality?into?a?kind?of?frantic,?animal?mindlessness.? 易于…;遵守… 过度 过度的，奢侈的 ?人们通过两种方式与社会直接联系：作为家庭、职业或者宗教组织的成员，或者是某个群体的成员。组织与组成他们的个体有一样的道德和智慧，群体是混乱的，没有自己的目的而且只能做除了明智行动和理性思考之外的事。 组成群体的人们，失去了他们推理的力量和道德选择的能力，他们的暗示感受性提高到了停止有任何判断或有自己的意志的地步，变得极易兴奋，丢掉了所有的个人感受和集体责任，易于突然的暴怒、狂热和极度恐惧。 总之，身处群体的人表现得就好像吞了大剂量的烈性麻醉品，成了被称之为群体中毒的受害者。和酒精一样，群体毒药是一种极度兴奋的药物。被这种群体药物麻醉的人逃避责任，不愿动脑子，失去道德感，变得和疯狂的动物一样盲目。? ?Reading?is?a?private,?not?a?collective?activity.?The?writer?speaks?only?to?individuals,?sitting?by?themselves?in?a?state?of?normal?sobriety.?The?orator?speaks?to?masses?of?individuals,?already?well-primed?with?herd-poison.?They?are?at?his?mercy?and,?if?he?knows?his?business,?he?can?do?what?he?likes?with?them.?? 阅读是一种个人而非集体的思维活动，作者仅对身处一种普遍冷静状态的人叙述。而演讲者对大量已经被群体毒药灌满的人演说，如果演讲者知道这个群体在他的控制下，他就可以利用他们做事。 Unlike?the?masses,?intellectuals?have?a?taste?for喜欢?rationality?and?an?interest?in?facts.?Their?critical?habit?of?mind?makes?them?resistant?