从XOR分类任务看人类类别学习能力的局限性-高等教育学专业论文.docx

关键词：XOR 任务；分类；类别学习；特征维度；联结 Abstract Category learning is an important field of cognitive psychology. Category learning of objects with multiple attributes or features is an important way to understand human classification ability. XOR (exclusive-or) is a kind of logic operation and the XOR style task formed by such operation mode can be used in category learning. To successfully do XOR classification, one must make judgment by the conjunction of more than one feature dimensions. The task therefore provides an excellent research paradigm for exploring the mechanisms of human categorization and the limits of their classification ability. The purpose of this study used the XOR classification task is to explore the limits of human classification ability and associated cognitive mechanisms during such classification. The study involved six experiments. Experiment 1 investigated meaningless image classification with (three) similar feature dimensions. The results showed that subjects can learn the task, and most of them used the strategy connected with the three feature dimensions for category judgments. In experiment 2, we investigated the classification of geometric shapes with (three) dissimilar feature dimensions. The results showed that subjects can learn the task, mostly by directly memorizing one category of pictures. Experiment 3 examined the classification of artificial nature category shapes with (three) similar feature dimensions. Subjects can learn the task, mostly by using reference pictures or connecting with the three feature dimensions. Experiment 4 was to explore the classification of artificial nature category shapes with (four) similar feature dimensions. The results showed that although human beings can learn this task, individual differences were large, and it was difficult to complete the task for some of them. All subjects who have learned the task adopted a reference picture strategy, and found the right rules of feature change. Experiment 5 explor