学术英语(社科)Unit3三单元原文及翻译.docVIP

UNIT 3 Unemployment 1. Losing a job can be the most distressing economic event in a person’s life. Most people rely on their labor earnings to maintain their standard of living, and many people get from their work not only income but also a sense of personal accomplishment.A job loss means a lower living standard in the present, anxiety about the future, and reduced self-esteem. It is not surprising, therefore, that politicians campaigning for office often speak about how their proposed policies will help create jobs. 失去一份工作可能是最痛苦的经济事件在一个人的生活。大多数人们依靠自己的劳动收入来维持他们的生活标准,许多人会从他们的工作得到的不仅是收入，还有自己的成就感。一个失去工作意味着现在要定一个更低的生活标准,焦虑未来,并丧失自尊心。这并不奇怪,因此,政治家竞选办公室经常谈论他们所提出的政策将帮助创造就业机会。 4.In judging how serious the problem of unemployment is, one question to consider is whether unemployment is typically a short-term or long-term condition. If unemployment is short-term, one might conclude that it is not a big problem. Workers may require a few weeks between jobs to find the openings that best suit their tastes and skills. Yet if unemployment is long-term, one might conclude that it is a serious problem. Workers unemployed for many months are more likely to suffer economic and psychological hardship. 判断失业问题有多么严重时，其中一个问题就是要考虑是否失业通常是一个短期或长期的条件。如果失业是短期的，人们可能会得出结论，它不是一个大问题。工人可能需要几个星期的工作之间找到最适合他们的口味和技能的开口。然而，如果失业是长期的，人们可能会得出结论，这是一个严重的问题。许多个月的失业工人更容易遭受经济和心理上的困难。 5. One reason why economies always experience some unemployment is job search. Job search is the process of matching workers with appropriate jobs. If all workers and all jobs were the same, so that all workers were equally well suited for all jobs, job search would not be a problem. Laid-off workers would quickly find new jobs that were well suited for them. But, in fact, workers differ in their tastes and skills, jobs differ in their attributes, and information about job candidates and job vacancies is disseminated slowly among the many firms and households in the economy. 摩擦性失业往往是在不同企业之间的劳动力需求变化的结果。当消费者决定，他们更喜欢富士通而不是宏碁，富士通增加就业岗位，宏