常见的现在完成时-延续性与非延续性动词专题.ppt

延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：study, learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。延续性动词的用法很广，常见于现在完成时中的句子中，且常与for，how long，since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。 表示时间段的短语有: 1.for+一段时间： eg: for 2 years; for a long time等 2.since从句 since he came here 3.since+时间点名词(+ago) eg：since last year, since 5 days ago 4. how long 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, move, happen, marry, arrive/reach, post, fall, break, lose, give, join, receive, hear, hear from, become等。 这类动词不是不能用于完成时态。只是不能用于由how long提问的句子和含有for+一段时间的完成时态中。 常见的这类动词有： go, come, leave, arrive, lose, lend, catch, join, kill, find 等。 例如：1. He has joined the club for a long time. ( 错 ) 2. He has been a member of the club for a long time. ( 对 ) 3. His grandfather has died for over 30 years. ( 错 ) 4. His grandfather has been dead for over 30 years. ( 对 ) 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用， 如：two years ago; at 5 oclock; 例: He unfortunately passed away last year. 他去年不幸逝世。 He died 5 years ago. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例: I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from my parents for a long time. 我有好长时间没收到父母来信了。 He hasnt left home for a week. 他有一个星期没出门了。 如果要与for+ 时间段，since+年份，since+时间段+ago，how long连用时，瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换 非延续性动词 延续性动词 leave be away (from) borrow keep buy have begin/start be on die be dead finish be over join be in+组织机构; be a member of+组织机构 open sth. keep sth. open come here be here go there be there 非延续性动词 延续性动词 become be come back be back come to/get to/ arrive(in/at)/reach/ move to be (in)/stay(in/at) live in go (get) out be out put on wear fall/become ill be ill get up be up catch a cold have a cold fall asleep be asleep get to know know wake up/get up be up close be closed get married be married 例：他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years h