虚拟语气（顺口溜）.ppt

* 高三英语语法 （十二） 虚拟语气 一.虚拟语气的类型 1、实际意义上的虚拟语气。 They talked as if they had been friends for years. 2、虚拟语气形式。 The order was that we (should) stay where we were. 二.实际意义上的虚拟语气 1、小小顺口溜 虚拟语气并不难, 从句时态都提前, 主句would加在前，注意动词要还原。 （省略if要倒装） e.g. 1）If I were in your shoes, I would accept the terms. 2） If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the train. 3） I wish I were as clever as you 2、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 主语+ would/ could/ might/should do ①if + 主语 + did ②if + 主语 + were to + do ③if + 主语 + should + do 与将来相反 主语 +would/ could/ might/should + do if + 主语 + did （be动词用were） 与现在相反 主语 + would/ could/ might/should + have done if + 主语 + had done 与过去相反 主句 if 从句 所述情况 ①此表中需要注意几点： 1．be动词在表示与现在事实相反的从句中一般用were。在非正式情况下，第一、第三人称后偶尔也用was。如： If he were/was you, he would go at once. 2．主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would, could以及might可以用于各种人称。 3．在表示与将来事实相反的条件句中，只能用should，而不能用would, could和might等。如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. （should rain也可以用rained, were to rain代替） 4、主句和if条件句时态不一致（单独虚拟）。如： If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now. If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work. ②含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来替代条件句。 1．用介词短语替代条件句。常用介词有with, without, but for等。如： We couldn’t have succeeded without your help(=If we hadn’t got your help). What would you do with a million dollars? But for the rain（=If it hadn’t been for the rain）, we would have finished the work. 2. 假设的情况又是可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如： 1）He would have given you more help, but he has been ill. 2）I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade.( if I hadn’t been ill,…) ★but, otherwise连接的两个并列的分句存在单独虚拟现象，即：一个分句为虚拟句，另一个分句为真实句。 3）It would be a mistake not to help him.( It would be a mistake if we didn’t help him.) Anyone in her position would have done the same. ★有些句子相当于一个条件从句，谓语也可用虚拟语气。 4）Suppose we told her the truth. 5）Imagine your child played truant. ③省略if的情况 如果从句中含有系动词、情态动词或助动词（were, had, should或could ）时，可省略if，把从句中的were, had或