宏观经济学课件及习题第一章(精品·公开课件).ppt

Chapter 4: Macroeconomics:The Birds-Eye View of the Economy suggestions jjueconomics@126.com Important Concepts Macroeconomic policies 宏观经济政策 Average labor productivity 平均劳动生产率 Monetary/fiscal/structural policy 货币/财政/结构/政策 Positive versus normative analysis 实证与规范分析 Chapter outline Introduction The major macroeconomics issues Macroeconomics policy Aggregation Ⅰ.Introduction A.The Great Depression In the U.S.: Factories cut production 31% Number of people without jobs nearly tripled by 1933 when the unemployment rate hit 25% Stocks lost a third of their value in 3 weeks The Great Depression In Germany: Nearly a third of all workers were without jobs Banking system collapsed The Great Depression The cause: The Stock market? Free-market economies? Poor economic planning? The Great Depression The response: Macroeconomic policies Government actions designed to affect the performance of the economy as a whole B. The definition of macroeconomics macroeconomics is a study of the performance of the national economy as well as the policies used to improve that performance. Ⅱ.The Major Macroeconomic Issues A.Standard of Living 生活水平 The degree to which people have access to goods and services that make their lives easier, healthier, safer, and more enjoyable B.Economic Growth A process of steady increases in the quantity and quality of the goods and services the economy can produce Output of the U.S.Economy, 1900-2004 In the U.S.: 1.9 automobiles per U.S. household. In 2004, a typical U.S. resident consumed over eight times the quantity of goods and services consumed in 1900. In 1960, 8% of the adult population had a college degree compared to 25% in 2004. Consumption Patternsaround the World C.Productivity 生产率 In 2004 the average U.S. worker could produce six times more than in 1900. Average labor productivity: Output per Person and per Worker in the U.S. Economy, 1900-2004 Prod