《irony反语》精选课件.pptVIP

irony irony It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis(强调) by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. 使用同本意完全相反的词句来表达本意，明显含有嘲弄讽刺的意思，从而使本意更加突出，这就是Iirony。对这一辞格采用直译能保留原文嘲弄的修辞效果。 正意反说，反意正说 反意正说：When she heard that she was fired, she said angrily, “That’s great!” 正意反说：Yes, he is “lazy”. He just works at least 10 hours every day. More examples We are lucky.(when something bad happens) What you said makes me feel really good.(when someone says sth. unpleasant) This diligent(勤勉的) student seldom reads more than an hour per week. Three types of irony Verbal irony言语反语 Situational irony情景式反语 Dramatic irony戏剧性反语 verbal irony 词语反语是指说话人利用词汇、语法手段表示明显的反意。 E.g. The Chinese should thank Acheson also because he has fabricated wild tales about modern chinese history. (中国人之所以应当感谢艾奇逊，是因为他胡诌了一大篇中国近代史) 在此，thank 具有浓烈的讽刺语气，辛辣地揭露并批判了美国资产阶级的代言人艾奇逊的侵华谎言。 Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes. （啊，当然。我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。） 店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客，像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢？名为“gentlemen”实则“beggar”而已。 What fine weather for an outing! (计划了一个美好的出游却被一场大雨搅和了，于是出现了上面的这句话，通过反语达到讽刺的效果，从而更能够反映出当时的无奈与沮丧) What a noble illustration of the tender laws of his favoured country!—they let the paupers go to sleep! (以此说明他那行善的国家的仁慈法律是多么有意义的例证——他们竟允许穷人睡觉！) Robbing a widow of her savings was certainly a noble act. (抢劫一位寡妇的储蓄当然是高尚的行为。) Situational irony 有时，正话反说或反话正说不是靠一两个词所能体现的，而是要靠语境来体现。所谓“情景式反语”常要有一定的情景，也即是在整个段落或篇章中蕴含着讽刺，这样的段落或篇章或许有画龙点睛的词语反语，或许根本没有词语反语，但整个段落或篇章都是反语，或者准确的说其情景是反语。 例如在Kate Chopin的短篇小说The story of an hour中，Mallad太太得知丈夫因车祸去世的消息时表面上一阵号哭，心底里却暗自高,，她早就盼望的一天终于来到了，不禁低声对自己说：“Free! Body and soul free!” 但正当她暗自得意时， 丈夫突然出现在门口！原来他大难不死，安然回家 而 Malled 太太却由于这突如其来的刺激导致心脏病发作，不治身亡！ dramatic irony 戏剧性反语主要用于戏剧小说中，与剧情或戏剧的结构有关。在这种反语中，读者或观众知晓实情，而台上的人却一无所知，说一些与实情相悖的话，造成幽默或悲剧性的效果。 例如上文提到过的Kate Chopin的那个故事结尾写道: When the doctors came, they said she had died of heart disease – of joy that kills. （医生们来了，他们说她死于心脏病——是看到