《二战中的美国》.ppt

Staying Out of War America initially stayed out of the war, because the Great Depression which contributed to the popularity of isolationism in America. Congress passed a series of laws in order to keep our isolationist policy, and out of the developing war. Neutrality Act of 1935 Embargo of arms shipments to any foreign nation involved in the war Neutrality Act of 1937 Tightened control on the U.S. economy (no assisting belligerents) Neutrality Act of 1939 “Cash and carry” policy – no American ships used to transports goods across the ocean America in the 1930s: the Triumph of Isolationism In the crisis years of 1931-1939 the U.S. responded by going deeper into isolationism. American saw themselves as “innocent bystanders” in world affairs. In 1933 the U.S. finally recognized the Soviet government and established formal relations with the USSR—primarily for business reasons. In 1935-6 when Hitler began to menace Europe, Americans wanted to stay out, but didn’t know how. Secretary of State Stimson says: “The only sure way to stay out of war is to prevent it.” Japanese negotiators agreed to meet with US diplomats. While they met, the Japanese decided to sent a fleet to Pearl Harbor to destroy the US Pacific fleet. Dec. 7, 1941: Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor killing 2,400, wounding 1,200, and destroying 300 Am. Planes, 18 warships, and 8 of the 9 USA battleships. At 7:53 a.m., the first Japanese assault(攻击) wave, with 51 ‘Val’ dive bombers（轰炸机）, 40 ‘Kate’ torpedo（鱼雷） bombers, 50 high level bombers and 43 ‘Zero’ fighters commences the attack 。The Americans are taken completely by surprise. The first attack wave targets airfields and battleships. The second wave targets other ships and shipyard facilities. The air raid（袭击） lasts until 9:45 a.m. Eight battleships are damaged, with five sunk. Three light cruisers, three destroyers and three smaller vessels are lost along with 188 aircraft. The Japanese lose 27 planes and five midget submarines which attempte