《年产200万吨北疆原油常压蒸馏装置设计》-毕业论文.doc

摘要 本设计主要是针对年处理量200万吨北疆原油的常压设计。 原油常压蒸馏作为原油一次加工工艺，在原油加工流过程中占有重要作用，在炼厂具有举足轻重的地位，其运行的好坏会直接影响到后续的加工过程。其中重要的分离设备——常压塔的设计，是能否获得高收率、高质量油的关键。近年来常减压蒸馏技术和管理经验不断创新，装置节能消耗显着，产品质量提高。但与国外先进水平相比，仍存在较大的差距。 为了能更好地提高原油的生产能力，本着投资少，能耗低，效益高的思想对北疆原油进行常压蒸馏设计。设计的基本方案是：常压塔采取三侧线，常压塔塔顶生产石脑油，三个侧线分别生产汽油、喷气式燃料、柴油。设计了一个常压塔一段汽化蒸馏装置，此装置由一台管式加热炉、一个常压塔以及若干台换热器（完善的换热流程应达到要求：充分利用各种余热；换热器的换热强度较大；原油流动压力降较小。）冷凝冷却器、机泵等组成。在常压塔外侧为侧线产品设汽提塔。流程简单，投资和操作费用较少。原油在这样的蒸馏装置下，可以得到350—370℃以前的几个馏分，可以用作石脑油、汽油、喷气式燃料、柴油产品，也可分别作为重整化工（如轻油裂解）等装置的原料。塔底重油可作钢铁或其它工业的燃料。在某些特定的情况下也可以作催化裂化或加氢装置的原料。本次设计共享34块浮阀塔板，板间距0.8m，塔径3.5m，塔高32.04m。 关键词：原油；常压蒸馏；塔；换热。 Abstract This design is mainly directed against the year productivity 2 million tons of crude oil in the north of atmospheric design. Crude oil atmospheric distillation of crude oil, as a processing technology, in crude oil in total process occupies an important role, has the important status in refinery, its operation has a direct influence on the subsequent process. One important separation equipment-atmospheric tower design, can get high yield is high quality, the key of oil. In recent years, often vacuum distillation technology and management experience continuous innovation, the device, saving energy consumption significantly, the product quality improvement. But compared with the international advanced level, is still a substantial gap. In order to better improve crude oil production capacity, in line with less investment, low energy consumption, high efficiency of crude oil are thought brings atmospheric distillation design. The basic design scheme is: atmospheric tower take three lateral-line, atmospheric tower top production naphtha, three lateral-line respectively the production of gasoline, diesel, jet fuel. Design a atmospheric distillation tower a vaporization device, this device from a pipe furnace, an atmospheric tower and a number of heat exchanger (perfect heat transfer process should meet the requirements: make full use of various waste heat exchanger; the heat