《PbS的水热合成》-毕业论文.doc

摘 要 本论文进一步发展和拓宽了水热法中制备纳米材料的方法，以硝酸铅为铅源，以L-半胱氨酸、硫代乙酰胺、硫脲作为硫源，在高压釜中分别120 ℃、160℃、200℃经过8h制得纳米PbS，用X射线粉末衍射，扫描电镜对产物的组成、大小、形貌进行表征。结果表明，产物纳米PbS为立方晶系结构均粒径为20nm，同时分别在表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K-90、甘氨酸和聚乙二醇-2000作用下制得纳米PbS。同样用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜对产物的组成、大小、形貌进行表征，实验表明在聚乙二醇-2000作为表面活性剂的条件下能生成星型的PbS纳米晶，而在表面活性十二烷基磺酸钠和K-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、 甘氨酸作用作为表面活性剂剂的条件下可以生成立方形的PbS纳米晶，分析PbS纳米材料生长机理，对PbS光催化作用进一部研究。 关键词：硫化铅；水热法；星型结构；生长机理 Abstract The paper further develops the hydrothermal method in the method of preparation of nano-materials， source of lead nitrate lead to cysteine， sodium Thioacetamide， thiourea as source， respectively， in the autoclave 120 ℃、 160 ℃ 、200 ℃ 8h obtained through PbS， X-ray powder diffraction， scanning electron microscopy on the product composition size and morphology were character. The results show that the product of PbS particles are cubic crystal structure with particle size of 20nm， while the surface active agent， respectively， SDS and PVP K- glycine， polyvinyl alcohol， polyethylene glycol -2000 role Produced under PbS. The same X-ray diffraction， scanning electron microscopy on the product composition， size， morphology character， experimental results show that the polyethylene glycol -2000 as surfactant can be generated under the conditions of star-shaped PbS crystals， and in surface activity K-sodium sulfate and alcohol effect of glycine PVP as surfactant agent can generate a square under the PbS crystals，Analysis of the growth mechanism， PbS nanometer material light catalysis in a study. Keywords：PbS; hydrothermal; star structure; growth mechanism 目 录TOC \o 1-3 \h \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc19275 第1章 绪论 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc6147 1.1 引言 PAGEREF _Toc6147 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc30305 1.2 纳米材料的简介 PAGEREF _Toc30305 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc936 1.2.1纳米材料的分类 PAGEREF _Toc936 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc16605 1.2.2 PbS纳米材料的性质 PAGEREF _Toc16605 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc32654 1.2.3 国内外在PbS纳米材料方面的研究成果 PAGEREF _Toc32654 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc12347 1.2.4 PbS纳米材料的应用 PAGEREF _Toc12347 6 HYPERLINK \l _Toc10