医学体液失调英文版.ppt

Fluid - Electrolyte - Acid-base Management General surgery department The first affiliated hospital to Soochow University overview Normal body fluid, osmotic pressure and electrolyte are the basis of body metabolism and organ functions . Trauma,operation and many clinical disorders lead to fluid, electrolyte and acid-base imbalance, management of these problems is a very important matter in the surgical therapy. -1 Main components of the body fluid are water and electrolytes. Body fluid is divided into intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid. Muscle contains much water.(75％-80％) Fat contains less water.(10％-30％) About 60％ of weight of adult male is body fluid ； about 55％ of weight of adult female is body fluid； about 80％ of weight of infant is body fluid； after 14 years old, children are near to manhood. Most intracellular fluid is in skeletal muscle; intracellular fluid account 40% of body weight for male, for female is 35%. Extracellular fluid account 20% of body weight for both of male and female. Extracellular fluid is further divided into plasma and interstitial fluid; plasma occupy 5% of body weight; Interstitial fluid occupy 15% of body weight. Most of interstitial fluid can exchange with plasma or intracellular fluid quickly, and get to balance, which is very important in fluid and electrolyte management, called functional extracellular fluid. Other interstitial fluid can only exchange and get to balance slowly, they have different functions, but they are less important in the maintain of body fluid balance, called nonfunctional extracelluar fluid. Connective tissue fluid and penetrable fluid of cell, e.g. cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid and digestive juice, and so on, are all called nonfunctional extracelluar fluid. The changes of some nonfunctional extracelluar fluid can lead to imbalance of body fluid, electrolyte and acid-base obviously.