《新硫醚萃取剂萃取贵金属研究》-毕业论文.doc

PAGE 毕业论文 题 目 新硫醚萃取剂萃取贵金属研究 学 院 化学化工学院 专 业 应用化学 班 级 应化0702 学 生 学 号 20070206054 指导教师 二〇一一年六月十五日 摘 要 硫醚类萃取剂是贵金属萃取中一类重要的萃取剂。随着对贵金属的需求量不断增加，该类萃取剂的优点也日益突出。本文合成了2,2’-二正辛硫基乙醚和2,2’-二异辛硫基乙醚两种萃取剂，利用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱等手段对产物的结构进行了表征。 同时对2,2’-二正辛硫基乙醚和2,2’-二异辛硫基乙醚两种萃取剂从酸性介质中萃取Pd(Ⅱ)的萃取性能及机理进行了研究和比较，考察了稀释剂、反应时间、反应温度、萃取剂浓度、H+浓度和Cl-浓度等因素对萃取效果的影响。结果表明，两种萃取剂对Pd(Ⅱ)均表现出良好的萃取性能，且2,2’-二正辛硫基乙醚的萃取性能优于2,2’-二异辛硫基乙醚。在此基础上确定了2,2’-二正辛硫基乙醚萃取Pd(Ⅱ)的最佳条件：三氯甲烷作稀释剂；c(萃取剂)=0.05 mol·L-1 c(HCl)=0.1 mol·L-1；萃取时间为2 h；相比O/A=1:1。在该条件下Pd(Ⅱ)的一次萃取率可以达到99.8%。 关键词： 硫醚；合成；萃取；Pd(Ⅱ) ABSTRACT Thioether extractant extracted precious metals is an important class of extractants. With the increasing demanded of precious metals, the advantages of sulfide extractant were more and more highlight. In this paper two types of extractants. were synthesized, one is 2,2’-di[(n-octyl)sulfenyl]ethyl ether, and the other is 2,2’-di[(HYPERLINK app:ds:isooctylisooctyl)sulfenyl]ethyl ether. The structure of two products were characterized.by infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At the same time, we studied on the property that 2,2’-di[(n-octyl)sulfenyl]ethyl ether and 2,2’-di[(HYPERLINK app:ds:isooctylisooctyl)sulfenyl]ethyl ether extracted Pd (Ⅱ). The results showed that the property of 2,2’-di[(n-octyl)sulfenyl]ethyl ether and 2,2’-di [(HYPERLINK app:ds:isooctylisooctyl)sulfenyl]ethyl ether extracted Pd (Ⅱ) were both in extracting high performance. Determined on experiments that the best condition of 2,2’-di[(n-octyl)sulfenyl]ethyl ether extracted Pd (Ⅱ) was: chloroform as diluent; c (extraction solvent) = 0.1mol · L-1; c (HCl) = 0.1mol · L-1; extraction time is 2h; compared to O / A = 1:1. Under these conditions, Pd (Ⅱ) could achieve an extraction rate of 99.8%. Key words：Sulfide; synthesis; extraction; Pd (Ⅱ) 目 录 摘要………………………………