大学生就业不公平的影响因素和解决对策研究-教育经济与管理专业论文.docx

PAGE PAGE 3 摘要 随着大学毕业生数量的逐年增加，大学生就业的形势日趋严峻。高校毕业 生就业市场日渐饱和，供求矛盾逐步激化，大学生就业不公平现象日益严重。 大学生就业过程中存在着地域差异、性别差异、身体差异、学历差异等众多的 不公平现状，这些现状产生的原因也来自多个方面。 大学毕业生就业不公平的影响因素主要有个人、用人单位及政策体制三个 方面。具体来说，个人层面包括大学生不正确的就业心态及行为、家庭社会资 源的广泛存在等；用人单位层面包括用人单位的短期行为、招聘过程中自主权 限的不合理等；政策体制层面包括政府政策的缺失、立法不够完善等。所有这 些因素均直接导致了大学生就业过程中的不公平，使得人力资源无法有效配置。 大学生就业不公平不仅抑制着大学生个人及社会价值的顺利实现，妨碍了 劳动力市场的有序运转，更使得高等教育无法实现均衡发展，对整个社会经济 的良好运行产生了负面影响。 大学毕业生要想实现公平就业，应该端正就业心态，用人单位要根据自身 需求合理招聘人才，政府要出台及完善相应的政策措施，多管齐下，合众人之 力消除大学生就业过程中出现的种种不公平现象，以确保就业市场高效、有序 与稳定地发展。 【关键词】大学生就业 就业不公平 影响因素 解决对策 高等教育 Abstract With the increasing of the number of college students yearly, the situation of college students employment is serious gradually. College graduates employment market is saturated gradually, the contradictions of supply and demand become sharpened gradually, the unfair situation of college students employment becomes more and more serious. There are many unfair situation such as regional difference, sexual difference, physical difference, education difference in college students employment process, the reasons of these situations come from many aspects. There are three main influence factors of unfair college students employment: personal, unit of choose and employ persons and policy system. Specifically, personal level includes college students incorrect employment psychology and behavior, the widespread of the family and social resources, etc.; unit of choose and employ persons level includes short-term behavior of unit of choose and employ persons, not reasonable independent jurisdiction in recruitment process, etc; policy system level includes government policies lacking, legislation imperfect. All of these factors directly cause college students unfair employment, lead to ineffectively configuration of human resources. Unfair college students employment not only restrain the realizing of personal and social value of college students, hinder the orderly operation of labor market, but also make higher educa