《床身上最大回转直径320mm的数控车床总体设计及主轴箱设计》-毕业论文（设计）.doc

PAGE 床身上最大回转直径320mm的数控车床总体设计及主轴箱设计 摘要 随着现代科学的进步，数控行业的飞速发展，数控车床作为主要加工手段，被广泛应用于机械制造业。因为它具有加工灵活、通用性强的特点，能适应产品的品种和规格频繁变化，能够满足新产品的开发和多品种、小批量、生产自动化的要求，并且数控车床与普通车床相比，在提高生产率、减轻工人劳动强度、降低生产成本和增加效益方面都有很大的优越性。 本文对数控车床的主传动方案、总体机械结构进行了详细的设计和计算。电动机通过变速箱与主轴进行联接，使主轴的功率、扭矩特性和电机的功率扭矩特性相匹配，这样适用范围就更宽，在使用方面也容易控制。本数控车床，是由无极变速电磁调速异步电动机经机械分级变速箱驱动主轴，以实现主轴的无级变速。主轴箱与变速箱为一整体，最后一级采用传动平稳可靠的斜齿轮传动，以保证主轴的旋转精度。 关键词：数控车床；变速箱；主轴；无级变速  Abstract With fast development of science technology, Numerical control lathe is widely used in the mechanical manufacturing industry. Because of having the characteristics of maching flexibility,strong versatility,it can meet the varity of products and frequent change of the specification,and satisfy the reqanement that the development of new poducts,much varieties,the small quantities,automative production, Compared with ordinary lathe, the numerical control lathe has its great superiority in boosting productivity, lightening workers labor intensity, reducing the production cost and increasing benefit. The overall mechanical structure of numerical control late has been designed in this paper, mainly from economy and practical value. The motor is linked to spindle, making power and torsion characteristic of match to torsion characteristic power of the electrical machinery. In this case the scope of application is wider and it is easy to control during machining. Horizontal feed system and vertical feed system are designed and calculated in details in this design. This numerical control lathe drives the spindle, which is accomplish by electrodeless changed speed electromagnetical adjusted speed asynchronous,and the mechanical hierarchical gearbox, in order to realize the infinite variable-speeds of the spindle. Spindle-box and gearbox are made into a wholebody, final class adopts transmission steady and reliable helical gears transmission, so as to ensure the precision of rotation of the spindle. The servo feed system adopts the high-accuracy ball guide screw transmis