钢轨接头的应力分析与优化研究-道路与铁道工程专业论文.docxVIP

西南交通大学硕士研究生论文 西南交通大学硕士研究生论文 第1页 摘 要 本文较系统地总结了钢轨接头的构造、形式、功能，并对接头区的缺陷 及接头病害作了简单的介绍。在与以往接头静力计算方法进行比较后，本文 提出了一种新的接头计算模型。该模型是利用有限元软件ANSYS，根据接 头的实际尺寸建立实体模型，可以对接头各部件进行细致的应力分析。这种 模型避免了复杂的边界条件和理论推导，同时对接头作了尽可能少的简化， 因此，计算准确性大大提高。 分析表明：接头受力时，钢轨外侧夹板的应力水平比内侧夹板的应力水平 高；在受力条件相同的情况下，螺栓扭矩的变化对接头各部件的应力分布及 应力水平有较大影响。f螺栓扭矩增大，接头区钢轨轨腰拉力、夹板应力、螺 f 杆内应力都会增大，而钢轨位移会随着女是拴扭矩的增大而减小。一般来说， 翱J匝 如果允许夹板与钢轨相互滑动，接头)蟹巍在500～700N·m范围是适宜的； 如果将接头“冻结”，则螺栓扭矩应在900 1000N·m左右。y 同时，本文根据对夹板的应力分析提出了改进的接头夹板方案，认为该方 案能使夹板均匀受力，在设计上是合理的。 【关键词】钢轨接头；有限元法；螺栓扭矩；接头夹板 √ √ V7 v 西南交通大学硕士研究生论文 西南交通大学硕士研究生论文 第2页 Abstract The structure，the form and the function of the rail joint is summarized systematically in this paper．At the same time，the defect and disease of rail joint is also introduced．After studying the former static calculation method of rail joint，a new calculation model ofjoint is presented in the article．The new model is built according tO the real size of rail joint by finite element software ANSYS，thus can analyze the stress of all parts of rail joint．With the finite element method，we can not only avoid the complicated boundary condition and theory derivation， but also avoid simplifying the rail joint in new calculation model． Therefore the calculation of rail join is more accurate． As the analysis shows that stress of the outside joint bar of rail is higher than that of the inner joint bar when a wheel rolls over the rail joint．Furthermore the change of bolt tension has great effect to the stress distribution and stress level of all parts of rail joint．As the bolt tension increase，the tension of rail web，stress ofjoint bar and stress ofjoint bolt would increase accordingly，but the displacement of rail would become smaller．Commonly，if slide between joint bar and rail is permitted，the bolt torque ranged from 500N‘m to 700N·m is suitable．If the joint is “frozen”，the bolt torque should range from 900N‘m to 1 1 00N‘m． In this paper we present improved draft ofjoint bar in the base of the analysis of rail joint．The draft i