钢岔枕振动特性分析与参数研究-道路与铁道工程专业论文.docxVIP

西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文 西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文 第1页 摘要 钢岔枕是一种特殊形式的岔枕，主要用于道岔牵引点处，可将道岔电务 转换杆件置于枕内，有利于大机养护作业。但由于其特殊的结构形式和受力 方式，会造成与相邻混凝土岔枕刚度不匹配，形成轨道纵向刚度不平顺。为 减小列车通过时所产生的轨道动不平顺，有必要对钢岔枕的振动特性进行分 析。 本文首先分别建立了钢岔枕和普通混凝土岔枕力学分析模型。模型中将 扣件简化为弹簧阻尼元件，轨枕视为刚性质量块，轨枕与道床及路基间简化 为弹簧阻尼元件，钢轨下沉位移作为系统的激励。钢岔枕模型，枕上为两组 扣件，枕下道床为两点偏心支承具有沉浮及侧滚两个自由度；混凝土岔枕模 型，枕上为一组扣件，枕下道床为一点不偏心支承，仅有一个自由度——沉 浮。 根据力学模型，分别建立钢岔枕与普通混凝土岔枕的振动微分方程，推 导出系统的传递函数。利用传递函数，对二者的振动特性进行了对比分析。 根据传递函数求出的系统响应，对钢岔扰的参数进行了研究。在频域内， 分析了质量、扣件及垫层刚度、道床及路基刚度等参数对钢岔枕振动特性的 影响。总结出：增大质量、减小扣件及垫层刚度、增大道床及路基刚度，可 减小钢岔枕与混凝土枕动力响应的差距，减小轨道纵向的动不平顺。 关键词：钢岔枕：传递函数；振动特性；频域分析 西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文 西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文 第H页 Abst raot Steel switch sleeper is a special kind of switch sleeper,which is mainly used at the switch traction points．And the switching equipments Call be set in it, for the convenient operation of large maintenance machine．But because of its special structure types and stress modes，it cannot match the adjacent concrete switch sleepers in stiffness，which would form longitudinal rail stiffness irregularity．To reduce the rail dynamic irregularity for moving train,it is necessary to analysis vibration performance ofthe steel switch sleeper． Firstly,this paper established a mechanical model of steel switch sleeper and eonqmon concrete switch sleeper separately．In the models，fasteners are simplified as spring dampers，the sleeper is regarded as a rigid m￡LSS，the contacts between ballast bed and sleeper is also simplified as spring dampers， the rail vertical displacement set as the system drive．For the steel switch sleeper,there are two groups of fasteners on it，two—point eccentric supports under it，arid it has two degrees of freedoms which are ups and downs as well as roiling；And for the concrete switch sleeper,there is one fastener groups on it,one-point eccentric肌ppons under it，and it has only one degree of freedom which is ups and downs． According to the mechanical models，established oscillatory differential equations for the steel and concrete switch sleeper separately,and