钢坯表面裂纹图像检测-光学工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 I 摘 要 钢坯生产的过程中出现的各种缺陷不仅影响着钢坯的质量，还给企业带来重 大的经济损失，所以钢坯表面裂纹检测技术成为提高钢坯生产率和提高企业竞争 力的关键技术之一。传统的钢坯表面缺陷检测方法在高温的生产过程中已不能满 足检测要求，因此以机器视觉为基础的表面缺陷检测技术成为今后发展趋势，该 技术在国外发展较成熟，检测系统已经应用于钢坯生产线上，但是国内对于此技 术的研究还处于起步阶段，这就影响了我国钢铁产品的市场竞争力，因此该技术 急需研究。 本文阐述了基于机器视觉的高温钢坯裂纹检测的数字图像处理理论，同时还 介绍了检测系统的硬件构架。高温钢坯裂纹检测的具体过程如下：首先利用 CCD 摄像机获取钢坯图像，针对钢坯生产过程中不停跳动，利用锁定区域算法将要处 理的钢坯区域锁定出来，然后，根据钢坯表面在高温情况下所具有的光谱特??， 对钢坯区域进行灰度直方图统计，利用灰度统计特征进行图像分割，接着对铁屑 层的铁屑进行膨胀处理，最后是缺陷判决，对于铁屑层，利用 Hough 直线检测判 断是否有划痕，对于灰度层，利用 Sobel 边缘检测，根据 Sobel 算子判断是否有裂 纹。硬件部分有检测系统的框架结构，系统水冷，隔尘罩和 CCD 像机的固定支架。 该检测方法简单、稳定、准确，在首钢贵阳特殊钢有限公司的钢坯生产线上 已经得以验证，且满足其要求，有较高的应用价值。然而，目前获取到的钢坯表 面缺陷种类有限，所以下一步要对各种缺陷的识别与分类进行研究，以保证钢坯 表面缺陷的准确检测。 关键词：高温钢坯，机器视觉，表面缺陷检测，图像处理 ABSTRACT II ABSTRACT In the process of the billet production, various defects affect the quality of the billet and bring great economic losses, so the billet surface crack detection technology becomes one of the keys to improve the productivity of steel and enterprise competitiveness. Traditional detection methods are not applied to the high temperature, so the detection technology based on machine vision is the development trend in the future. Machine vision detection technology is relatively mature in foreign countries, and the detection system has been used in the production line of billet, but domestic research in this is still in infancy, as result, the market competitiveness of Chinas iron and steel products has been affected, so the technology is in urgent need of research. The theory of digital image processing on hot billet crack detection based on machine vision is expounded and the hardware structure of detection system is introduced in the thesis. The specific steps of crack detection on hot billet are as follows: first, images of billet are obtained by CCD camera, as the billet keeps beating during production, the locking region method is used to find interested place; then according to the spectral characteristics of the hot billet, threshold segmentation are made based on histogram of