任务型学术写作Unit 8 Writing Up an Abstract.pptx

Unit EightWriting Up an Abstract In this unit you will learn how to write an abstract for a research paper. 摘要的内容一般涉及五个方面，即： 1. 该研究的现状和存在的问题； 2. 研究的主要内容和目的； 3. 研究方法； 4. 研究结果； 5. 研究的结论和建议。 摘要是论文的第一部分，置于论文题目之下。从写作的步骤看，摘要应该是最后完成的。摘要的内容大多涉及上述五个方面，有的摘要仅介绍这五项内容中的几项。虽然摘要的写法各有不同，但大都离不开下面的框架。 Task Objective Read Sample 1 Industrialization and Bilingualism in India and answer the questions as briefly as possible. 1. What is the purpose of the research? 2. What method was used in the research? Task Preparation 1 The research is to study how the growth of industrial employment increased bilingualism in India between 1931 and 1961. The research uses industrial clustering and sectoral demand growth for identification. 3. What is the result of the research? 4. What is the conclusion of the research? The effect on bilingualism was strongest in import-competing districts and among local linguistic minorities. The research sheds new light on human capital investment in developing economies and on the long-run evolution of languages and cultures. Read Sample 2 Who Does More Housework: Rich or Poor? A comparison of 33 countries, and fill in the following table using one key sentence. Task Preparation 2 Purpose Methods Results Conclusion Purpose Methods Results Conclusion Key Introduces a general approach for solving engineering problems by transforming them to problems in other engineering fields, through general discrete mathematical models called graph representations. Raise the problem to an abstract mathematical level of graph representations. The paper demonstrates a number of applications of the approach, among them: deriving new concepts in engineering; establishing new engineering designs; analyzing complicated engineering systems, and a generic treatment of both analysis and design. The paper draws the correlation of the suggested approach to known AI topics: representation change and classification problem solving method. Read Sample 3 Lessons for China from Financia