《新型马铃薯联合收获机分离装置设计》-毕业论文设计（学术).doc

PAGE 摘 要 马铃薯是一种世界性经济作物，是继小麦、水稻和玉米之后的第四位重要粮食作物。随着市场对马铃薯需求的不断增加，马铃薯的产业化，机械化种植、收获、深加工机械已经成为各国的重要课题。据统计2006年全世界马铃薯种植面积约为2000万hm2，其中我国的种植面积达501.53万hm2，随着我国马铃薯种植面积和总产量均跃升至世界首位，我国家也成为世界上马铃薯消费增长最快的国家之一。但是在我国大部分地区占生产总用工70%以上的马铃薯收获作业至今基本上还是停留在传统阶段（主要靠人畜力，小面积收获常采用铁锨或锄头人工挖掘，较大面积收获采用畜力挖掘犁）许多地区的机械化收获水平较低严重影响了马铃薯的规模生产，使之远远满足不了市场的需求。 近年来，马铃薯收获机械的研制与推广有了较大发展，但目前国内机型以小型、配套动力小，结构简单、轻便为主，大多属于条铺式，即将薯块翻出地面后人工捡拾，生产效率低，劳动强度仍较大，且总体机械化水平很低，严重制约着马铃薯产业的进一步发展。研制机具的技术水平也与国外相差甚大，劳动强度还是较大，严重制约了马铃薯产业化的发展。因此，为了适应发展的要求，本文通过对目前马铃薯收获机械的了解，设计了一种马铃薯联合收获机，集挖掘、分离、输送、分级、清选、为一体的单行马铃薯联合收获机。 这种新型的的马铃薯联合收获机分离装置采用了弧形拨齿式分离装置。这种装置结构简单，分离效果好，克服了抖动链式和筛式分离装置在小型马铃薯收获机械上和中粘性土壤中使用的限制，提高了土薯分离效率。大大减小了劳动强度，提高了生产效率。 关键词：马铃薯；联合收获机；分离装置；分级装置；传动系统 Abstract With the market demand for potatoes continuously increased,it’s industrialization and mechanization planting,harvesting,deep processing mechanism become an important subject in different countries.According to statistics,the world’s potatoes planting area is about 20 millionhm2 in 2006,in which our countries planting area reached 5.0153 million hm2,with the potatoes planting area and the total yield all jumped to the first place in the world,our country become one of the quickest growing potato’s consumer in the world.But in the most areas of our country, there are more than 70%total work of the potatoes harvesting are basically stopped in the traditional artificial seeding cutting,digging,picking stage,the level of mechanization of harvest in some areas relatively low,it’s seriously influence the potatoes scale production and make it far not meet the demand of the market. In recent year,the research and extension of the potato harvest machinery has made a great development,but at present,our machine type mainly in small type,small mating power,simple structure and light.There is a big gap between our country and foreign country about the technology level of the equipment research,the labor intensity is still great,they are seriously hold back the potatoes ind