专升本一英语法概要.ppt

一 英语语法概要 Members of the sentence 1. The students of Class Four are attentively reading the book written by Lu Xun. 2. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for proper responses will experience greater intellectual development. 分析:(1)该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为 Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。 (2)在suggest的宾语从句中, 主语为 child, 谓语为experience, 宾语为 greater intellectual development. 故，整个一句话的意思就是： 行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的 成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应 能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智 力就会发展到较高的水平。 1. 主语（Subject） 它是句子的主体，是“什么人，什么事，什么物”的问题。常由n,pron,num,to-do,-ving,clause 担任。 ①.Professor Wang is a well- known scholar. ②.I read English newspaper every day. ③.To become a professor has been his ambition. ④. Smoking is harmful to health. (5) What we shall do next is not yet decided. (6) Two thirds of the students are the boys in our school. (7) It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not. 2. 谓语（Precicate） 它是说 明主语的动作或状态的部分.除了 特殊的倒装结构一般位于主语后。 ①His father is a fireman. ②The children laughed. ③We should pay attention to English idioms. 3.宾语（Object） 宾语是及物动词的对象和内容。不及物动词后不能接宾语。介词后面的名词或代词叫做介词宾语。可有n,pron,num或与之相当的结构担任。如： (1) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? (2) I don’t know where he has gone. (3) The sun gives us light and warmth. 4. 补语（Complement） 用于补充说明主 语或宾补。常由adj,n或相当的结构充当。 ①.He doesn’t believe the story true. ②.The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week. ③.They saw her walking into the bookstore. (4) He was considered to be the best player. 5. 表语（Predicative） 它在联系动词之后表示主语的性质、特征、状态或身份的部分。可有n,pron,adj,adv,num,to-do,-ving,clause担任。如： ①.Susan is always careless. ②.Her job is to look after the children. ③.His job is teaching you how to use the machine. ④.The key question is how we should solve the problem. 6.定语（Attributive） 用来限定或 修饰名词或代词。通常由形容词或与 之相当的结构担任。 它可以是一个词或是几个词或者 一个词组，或者是个句子。位置比较 灵活，可在名词前后。 (1)The yel