红山文化的宗教崇拜与神话问题-专门史专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 红山文化是位于我国北方西辽河地区’的一支重要的原始文化。考古发现的 红山文化遗址中所包含的文化遗存极具研究价值。本文是2006年辽宁省社科基 金重点项目——“辽河上游史前考古与文明起源综合研究”的一个子课题，主 要针对红山文化的宗教崇拜与神话传说问题，进行综述性研究。关于红山文化 的宗教崇拜研究主要集中于女神崇拜以及红山文化墓葬中的随葬玉器两个方 面。在女神崇拜问题上，本文将西方原始文化中发掘出土的女神塑像，做为红 山文化女神研究的参照，归纳出关于红山文化女神原型研究的几种主要观点： 生殖女神崇拜、始祖女神崇拜和大地母神崇拜。红山玉器则以其独特的造型和 神秘的内涵，被认为是图腾崇拜的偶像或宗教活动中通灵的神器。红山玉器的 出土数量相当可观，有学者据此将红山文化与五帝传说相联系，认为在石器时 代与青铜时代之间或许曾存在一个“玉器时代’’。红山玉器不仅在存世数量上引 人注目，在玉器的形制上更是惊人的一致。并且，从红山文化的墓葬特点来看， 红山玉器己初具礼器的雏形。与此同时，笔者在综述前人成果的基础上也间或 提出了自己的一些看法。 关键词：红山文化女神崇拜五帝传说红山玉器礼器  Abstract T]ongshannof culture is a important prehistoric culture which is located m me area westem Li珧脚em删hem China．The relic which was discovered in 舭0109ical sites of Hongshan culture is worth researching·This paper。ls a sub．subject which belongs‘to the momentous subject of Liaoning Soc、ial Science Ori珈of Civilization in the upper Liaohe River．And this paper makes a s删ot Fmld 2006 112虹led“The Inte擎ated Study of the Prehistoric Archaeology and the t、7l，o p砒s，tnc the religion and myth of Hongshan culture．The research consists of 觚t one is the worship of goddess，and the second one is the jade article in funerary objects．On the subject of the worship of goddess，compared the goddess sta：tue ot westem premstoric culture with the goddess statue of Hongshan culture，several vi呻i鹏are concluded：the worship of procreation goddess，primogenitor a11d 90d of丘eld．The jade article of Hongshan culture is considered that it is the idol of the worship of tote]【n a11d the divine ware which was used in the religion rite due its to p矾cular sculpt and mysterious meaning．The amount of the excavated jade articJe 1s tremendous，hence，some scholars hold that Hongshan culture have relation to the legend of the Five Emperors．Furthermore，the scholars presume that there possiblY sh()uld be a Jade Age between Stone Age and Bronze Age．Besides，the forms of the {ade are coincident wonderfully．Therefore，the jade of Hongshan culture had beell t11e mdimem of t11e ritual wales．At the same time，the writer put forwar